【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 argo owners to win their cases against carriers. The Hamburg Rules serve the interests of cargo owners and shippers in developing countries that do not have large carrier fleets. So many large maritime states have not adopted the rules. Relationship between the 3 conventions （ 《 漢堡規(guī)則 》 Art. 31(1)）在成為本公約締約國(guó)時(shí)，凡是一九二四年八月二十五日在布魯塞爾簽訂的 關(guān)于統(tǒng)一提單若干規(guī)則的國(guó)際公約（一九二四年公約）的締約國(guó)，都必須通知作為 一九二四年公約保管人的比利時(shí)政府退出該公約，并聲明該退出自本公約對(duì)該國(guó)生效之日起生效。 Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea 《 全程或部分海上國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約草案 》 Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea 將于 2022年 12月在聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)表決通過(guò)，并計(jì)劃于 2022年在荷蘭鹿特丹舉行簽字儀式。 產(chǎn)生過(guò)程 ? 從 1998年開(kāi)始，國(guó)際海事委員會(huì)（ CMI）就在聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)（ UNCITRAL）的授權(quán)下開(kāi)始醞釀起草國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸法草案，并于同年 5月成立了運(yùn)輸法國(guó)際工作小組（ International Working Group, IWG）。 ? 2022年 12月 11日， CMI將起草的 《 運(yùn)輸法草案 》提交給 UNCITRAL秘書(shū)處。 ? 2022年，國(guó)際法貿(mào)易委員會(huì)成立了第三工作組，第三工作組的主要任務(wù)就是擬定關(guān)于國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約草稿。 ? 2022年 1月 24日，聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)運(yùn)輸法工作組通過(guò)了運(yùn)輸法公約草案； ? 2022年 7月 3日，聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)（ UNCITRAL）通過(guò)了運(yùn)輸法公約草案。 ? July 2022 41st session of UNCITRAL approves final text of “Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea” (the Rotterdam Rules) ? Draft convention approved earlier this month ? To replace the various rules – Hague Rules, HagueVisby Rules, Hamburg Rules and the Multimodal Convention ? Sufficient safeguards or danger of a return to ‘… a preHague Rules freeforall’? D. Maritime Code of the People39。s Republic of China Maritime Code of the People39。s Republic of China came into force on July 1, 1997. China maritime code has transplanted into it a number of important international conventions. Such as Chapter IV (Contract of Carriage of Goods by Sea) is based on the HagueVisby Rules and the Hamburg Rules, and Chapter X (General Average) has adopted some rules from the YorkAntwerp Rules. Thus, China maritime code is one of the best maritime laws in the world. essential terms of B/L: Article 73 of Maritime Code of the . A bill of lading shall contain the following particulars: (1) Description of the goods, mark, number of packages or pieces, weight or quantity, and a statement, if applicable, as to the dangerous nature of the goods。 (2) Name and principal place of business of the carrier。 (3) Name of the ship。 (4) Name of the shipper。 (5) Name of the consignee。 (6) Port of loading and the date on which the goods were taken over by the carrier at the port of loading。 (7) Port of discharge。 (8) Place where the goods were taken over and the place where the goods are to be delivered in case of a multimodal transport bill of lading。 (9) Date and place of issue of the bill of lading and the number of originals issued。 (10) Payment of freight。 (11) Signature of the carrier or of a person acting on his behalf. issuance of B/L: the man who issue the B/L。 The carrier。 his agent and the master。 place and date of issue of B/L。 Place: port where goods was loaded on the board。 Date: date when the good was loaded。 numbers of B/L issued。 4 Carrier39。s Duties under A Bill of Lading 承運(yùn)人的義務(wù) ? 適航義務(wù) ? 管貨義務(wù) ? 合理速遣義務(wù) 適航 ? 對(duì)于適航狀態(tài)的客觀要求：船殼、機(jī)器、物資、裝備、適貨、配員 ? 對(duì)于適航狀態(tài)的時(shí)間要求：開(kāi)航前和開(kāi)航當(dāng)時(shí) ? 對(duì)于適航狀態(tài)的主觀要求：合理謹(jǐn)慎，克盡職守 管貨 ? 裝載 ? 搬移 ? 積載 ? 運(yùn)輸 ? 保管 ? 照料 ? 卸載 合理速遣 ? 承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定的或者習(xí)慣的或者地理上的航線(xiàn)將貨物運(yùn)往卸貨港。 ? 不合理繞航（ Unlawful/Unreasonable Deviation） Terms and proper names Himalaya clauses 喜馬拉雅條款 If a carrier is relieved from liability under Hague Rules, can a plaintiff recover against the captain or crew? The Hague Rules do not apply to parties other than the carrier. To protect the other parties, carriers include provisions in their bills of lading extending the protection of the Hague Rules to their agents, employees, and independent contractors. These Himalaya clauses, named after a famous case, are recognized in some countries, including the ., and are invalid in others such as the . and Canada. ? period of responsibility: ? The responsibility of the carrier for the goods covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods at the port of loading, during the carriage and at the port of discharge. ? In the following circumstances, the carrier is deemed to be in charge of the goods: ? (a) From the time he has taken over the goods。 (b) Until the time he has delivered the goods。 (1) By handing over the goods to the consignee。 (2) In cases where the consignee does not receive the goods from the carrier, by placing them at the disposal of the consignee in accordance with the contract or with the law or with the usage of the particular trade, applicable at the port of discharge。 (3) By handing over the goods to an authority or other third party to whom, pursuant to law or regulations applicable at the port of discharge, the goods must be handed over. basis of liability (1) The carrier is liable for loss resulting from loss of or damage to the goo