【正文】
was loaded。 place and date of issue of B/L。 The carrier。 (10) Payment of freight。 (8) Place where the goods were taken over and the place where the goods are to be delivered in case of a multimodal transport bill of lading。 (6) Port of loading and the date on which the goods were taken over by the carrier at the port of loading。 (4) Name of the shipper。 (2) Name and principal place of business of the carrier。s Republic of China Maritime Code of the People39。 ? 2022年 1月 24日,聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)運(yùn)輸法工作組通過(guò)了運(yùn)輸法公約草案; ? 2022年 7月 3日,聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)( UNCITRAL)通過(guò)了運(yùn)輸法公約草案。 ? 2022年 12月 11日, CMI將起草的 《 運(yùn)輸法草案 》提交給 UNCITRAL秘書處。 Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea 《 全程或部分海上國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約草案 》 Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea 將于 2022年 12月在聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)表決通過(guò),并計(jì)劃于 2022年在荷蘭鹿特丹舉行簽字儀式。 B. The HagueVisby Rules Ever since the Hague Rules came into force, many shippers especially smaller shippers from developing countries began to plain the Hague Rules about its excessive limitations to carrier39。 自一九二四年制訂 《 海牙規(guī)則 》 實(shí)施半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái),由于本身存在的和在實(shí)施過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的各項(xiàng)問(wèn)題,以及 近年來(lái)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治的變化和海運(yùn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,某些內(nèi)容已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí),多數(shù)國(guó)家特 別是代表貨方利益的國(guó)家和第三世界國(guó)家強(qiáng)烈要求修改本規(guī)則。同時(shí),寧德公司的國(guó)內(nèi)買方與其解除合同并索賠違約金。買方于 4月 5日開立信用證,并將信用證的有效期改為 7月 30日,賣方先后兩次要求更改信用證有效期均被拒絕。依提單上載明的裝船日期預(yù)計(jì)船舶將于 2月 10日到達(dá)目的港,收貨人已安排好了一切接貨的工作,但該船卻于 2月 25日到達(dá)目的港,這時(shí)正趕上化肥的價(jià)格下跌,使 A公司在出售化肥時(shí)的價(jià)格大大下降,另一方面由于收貨人已為接貨做好了運(yùn)輸工具和倉(cāng)庫(kù)的安排,化肥的延遲到港也造成收貨人在這方面的損失。由于 B公司租來(lái)運(yùn)貨的 “ 亞洲 ” 號(hào)輪在開往某外國(guó)港口運(yùn)貨途中遇到風(fēng)暴,結(jié)果使裝貨至 1月 20日才完成。 倒簽提單是貨物裝船后簽發(fā)的,以早于貨物實(shí)際裝船日期為簽發(fā)日期的提單。 運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞? ? 直達(dá)提單 (Direct B/L) ? 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)提單 (Transshipment B/L)、聯(lián)運(yùn)提單(Through B/L) ? 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 (Combined Transport Document or B/L。提單中載明的向記名人交付貨物,或者按照指示人的指示交付貨物,或者向提單持有人交付貨物的條款,構(gòu)成承運(yùn)人據(jù)以交付貨物的保證。(提單規(guī)定適用美國(guó)法。錢貨兩空的菲達(dá)廠在廣州海事法院對(duì)船公司提起訴訟,一審勝訴。承運(yùn)船舶抵達(dá)提單記載的卸貨港新加坡后, “ 輪船公司 ”在沒(méi)有收回正本提單的情況下,將提單項(xiàng)下的貨物交付給了提單上記名的收貨人。香港東昌航運(yùn)公司聲稱,提單上沒(méi)有背書轉(zhuǎn)讓給原告的事實(shí)記載,因而遠(yuǎn)東面粉廠不是該提單的合法持有人,也不是提單代表的貨物的合法所有人,不能對(duì)貨物的受損提出賠償要求。托運(yùn)人美國(guó)大陸谷物公司在提單背面簽字蓋章作了空白背書轉(zhuǎn)讓。香港面粉廠將兩份指示提單正本交給遠(yuǎn)東面粉廠。 問(wèn): 1 保函是否構(gòu)成對(duì)第三人的欺詐?為什么? 2 法院應(yīng)該如何判決? 收貨人抬頭 ? 記名提單 (Straight B/L) ? 不記名提單 (Open B/L) ? 指示提單 (Order B/L) 案例五 遠(yuǎn)東中國(guó)面粉廠委托香港面粉廠在美國(guó)購(gòu)買小麥,香港面粉廠遂與美國(guó)大陸谷物公司簽訂了購(gòu)買合同。收貨人向上海遠(yuǎn)洋公司索賠 70多萬(wàn)法郎。 ”船長(zhǎng)接受了保函,簽發(fā)了清潔提單。船長(zhǎng)在收貨單上作了批注“ 至卸貨港發(fā)生短重,船方概不負(fù)責(zé)。 問(wèn):法院能否扣押這批貨物? of B/L: 貨物是否裝船 ? 已裝船提單 (shipped B/L) ? 備運(yùn)提單 (Received for Shipping B/L) 提單上是否有批注 ? 清潔提單 (Clean B/L) ? 不清潔提單 (Unclean B/L。法院根據(jù)浙江外貿(mào)公司的申請(qǐng)及擔(dān)保,查封扣押了前述提單項(xiàng)下的貨物。維瑪公司委托協(xié)和班輪公司托運(yùn),協(xié)和班輪公司簽發(fā)了三份正本指示提單。 ? 是貨物所有權(quán)的憑證 案例三 浙江外貿(mào)公司(買方)與香港金利隆公司(賣方)簽訂一份購(gòu)買 1000噸異丁醇合同。承運(yùn)人則認(rèn)為,因其在裝船時(shí),未對(duì)所裝貨物進(jìn)行核對(duì),所以承運(yùn)人不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。貨到目的港卸貨后,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中 930袋有重量不足或松袋現(xiàn)象,經(jīng)過(guò)磅約短少 25%。 承運(yùn)人接收貨物或?qū)⒇浳镅b船的證明 提單是初步證據(jù) ——托運(yùn)人 最終證據(jù) ——提單受讓人 案例二 某貨輪將 運(yùn)往中國(guó)上海。 1雙方的口頭約定是否有效? 2提單是否運(yùn)輸合同的本身? 3承運(yùn)人應(yīng)否賠償托運(yùn)人的損失? 提單與運(yùn)輸合同的關(guān)系: 第一,程序 第二,時(shí)間 效力: 當(dāng)托運(yùn)人把提單轉(zhuǎn)讓給收貨人或其他提單持有人時(shí),提單就成為受讓人與承運(yùn)人之間的運(yùn)輸合同,他們之間的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系以提單的規(guī)定為依據(jù)。托運(yùn)人向法院起訴,要求承運(yùn)人賠償損失。結(jié)果當(dāng)托運(yùn)人的桔子到達(dá)倫敦時(shí),桔子的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅提高了,且由于其他桔子的大量到貨,使桔子的價(jià)格下降。 是運(yùn)輸合同的證明 案例一 “阿登內(nèi)斯 ” 輪代理對(duì)一票桔子的托運(yùn)人口頭保證:該輪在西班牙港口卡塔黑納裝上該桔子,將直接駛往倫敦并卸貨。 Some definitions: “carrier” means any person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a shipper. “shipper” means any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier, or any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in the relation to the contract of carriage by sea. “Consignee” means the person entitled to take delivery of the goods. 3. Bills of Lading According to Hamburg Rules: Bill of lading means a document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document. 提單,是指用以證明海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同和貨物已由承運(yùn)人接受或裝船,以及承運(yùn)人保證據(jù)以交付貨物的單據(jù)。 The ship sets off at regular time and stops at the ports fixed in advance。s use if a monthly installment is not paid promptly. The charterer has the right to direct the ship to proceed to wherever it is needed. The only limitation on this right is the charterer39。 (2) that it shall proceed with reasonable dispatch。 2 International Carriage of Goods by Sea 1. Definition and classification of international carriage of goods by sea definition: The transportation of goods by sea from one port of one country to another port of another country is called international carriage of goods by sea. classification: Liner transport (carrier and shipper) and charter transport (shipowner and charterer) 2. Two types of contract of carriage by sea: contracts contained in a charterparty(租船合同 )。 Multimodal transportation。 Transportation by sea。 3. Varieties of international carriage of goods。 (4). International treaties and conventions and international trade customs are often applied to regulate this kind of act。 (2). Generally speaking, this kind of tr