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國際貿(mào)易法第三章-資料下載頁

2025-08-04 15:04本頁面
  

【正文】 潮濕,經(jīng)對(duì)濕貨進(jìn)行化學(xué)測(cè)試,沒有鹽水成分;一包貨物可能在運(yùn)載前已濕,另外三包可能是被從頂板破縫漏進(jìn)來的水所濕。 6月 25日三菱公司向原告索賠稱:合同 01DFE017及 01DFE009發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重短缺,產(chǎn)生了 7,895美元的索賠。作為解決方法,其將從合同01DFE017及合同 01DFE009第二、第三船的貨款余額中扣除。 7月 6日三菱公司又出具了一份索賠函,對(duì)其 6月 25日出具的索賠函進(jìn)行說明。該函稱, 01DF- E017號(hào)合同項(xiàng)下 60噸金屬硅短少 6噸,損失 4, 740美元,水濕 4袋,損失 360美元; 01DF- E009號(hào)合同項(xiàng)下 60噸化學(xué)級(jí)金屬硅,短少 2噸,損失 1, 930美元;檢驗(yàn)費(fèi) 659美元;實(shí)際損失 7, 689美元。短貨的 4個(gè)集裝箱的鉛封均完好無損,故問題均發(fā)生在封箱之前。因此向原告索賠。 ? (一)原告的訴訟請(qǐng)求原告認(rèn)為, 2022年 4月17日,原告與三菱公司簽訂了 120噸金屬硅的購銷合同后,委托被告運(yùn)輸該批金屬硅到日本橫濱港,被告接受委托后,派車到華南儲(chǔ)運(yùn)公司倉庫將貨物運(yùn)抵黃埔港碼頭,然后裝船將貨物運(yùn)送至日本橫濱港。 5月 30日,收貨人三菱公司告知原告,小粒度金屬硅短少 2袋(每袋 1噸,每噸價(jià)值965美元);大塊金屬硅短少 6袋(每袋 1噸,每噸價(jià)值 790美元);水浸貨物損失 360美元。三菱公司已向原告提出索賠。請(qǐng)求判令被告賠償原告貨物短少損失 6, 670美元、貨物水濕損失 360美元、檢驗(yàn)費(fèi) 659美元、運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用 184美元和人民幣 180元。 ? ? (二)被告的答辯意見被告認(rèn)為,原告已將提單轉(zhuǎn)讓給三菱公司,不是提單 GMZ2022506 GMZ20225064項(xiàng)下貨物的所有權(quán)人,也沒有拿出任何證據(jù)表明自己享有此項(xiàng)權(quán)利及由此衍生的其他權(quán)利。因此,原告不具有訴訟主體資格;被告已完全履行了運(yùn)輸合同義務(wù),不應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)本案的賠償責(zé)任。在本案中,該批貨物是原告自己負(fù)責(zé)裝箱、監(jiān)裝點(diǎn)數(shù)并施鉛封。按照國際集裝箱運(yùn)輸管理的有關(guān)規(guī)定,由托運(yùn)人負(fù)責(zé)裝箱的貨物,從裝箱托運(yùn)后至交付收貨人之前的期間內(nèi),若鉛封完好,貨物損失或短缺的責(zé)任由托運(yùn)人承擔(dān)。本案貨物的鉛封從原告裝箱托運(yùn)到目的港交付集裝箱時(shí),一直是完好的。因此,被告無須承擔(dān)本案的賠償責(zé)任。 五、有關(guān)提單的國際公約 (一) Hague Rules ? 1924年 8月 25日 《 統(tǒng)一提單若干法律規(guī)則的國際公約 》 ? 1931年 6月 2日生效 ? 16條 ? 我國吸收了一些規(guī)范 (二) Visby Rules ? 1968年 2月 23日 《 修改統(tǒng)一提單若干法律規(guī)則的國際公約議定書 》 ? 1977年 6月 23日生效 ? 修改范圍 ? 擴(kuò)大適用范圍 ? 提單對(duì)第三人的證據(jù)力 ? 責(zé)任限制 ? 訴訟時(shí)效 ? 核能損害責(zé)任 (三) Hamburg Rules ? 1978年 《 聯(lián)合國海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約 》 ? 1992年 11月 1日生效 ? 船貨雙方合理分擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 漢堡規(guī)則的內(nèi)容 1 ? 適用范圍 ? 實(shí)際承運(yùn)人 ? 貨物的范圍 ? 清潔提單的概念 ? 管貨責(zé)任期間:接到交 漢堡規(guī)則的內(nèi)容 2 ? 責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)的變化 ? 賠償金額的提高 ? 遲延交貨的賠償 漢堡規(guī)則的內(nèi)容 3 ? 保函的意義 ? 索賠時(shí)效 ? 管轄權(quán)(法院選擇) 漢堡規(guī)則的內(nèi)容 4 ? 漢堡規(guī)則與海牙規(guī)則、維斯比規(guī)則之關(guān)系 Marine Cargo Insurance. definition: A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes, as agreed, to indemnify the loss to the subject matter insured and the liability of the insured caused by perils covered by the insurance against the payment of an insurance premium by the insured. What is perils? The covered perils mean any maritime perils agreed upon between the insurer and the insured, including perils occurring in inland rivers or on land which is related to a maritime adventure. essential terms of such contract: A contract of marine insurance mainly includes: (1) Name of the insurer。 (2) Name of the insured。 (3) Subject matter insured。 (4) Insured value。 (5) Insured amount。 (6) Perils insured against and perils excepted。 (7) Duration of insurance coverage。 (8) Insurance premium. coverage of the marine cargo insurance: Perils and losses perils In marine insurance, perils are generally of two kinds: (1 ) Perils of the sea. This include natural calamities and fortuitous accidents, such as weather, thunder and lightning, tidal wave earthquake, etc. (2 ) Extraneous risks. This cover theft, rain, shortage, leakage, breakage, dampness, etc. they may include special risks, such as war risks, strikes, nondelivery of cargo, refusal to receive cargo, etc. 2. Losses losses fall into two main classes: total loss and partial loss. (1 ) Total loss. This loss can either be actual total loss where vessel or cargo are totally and irretrievably lost, or constructive total loss in a case where the ship or the goods have been abandoned because the cost of salvage or recovery would have been out of proportion to the value. (2) Partial loss. This means the loss to the goods is on1y partial. In case of partial loss a fine distinction is drawn between particular average and general average. What is General Average? General average means the extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the mon safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the ship, goods or other property involved in a mon maritime adventure. What is particular average? Particular average is a partial loss to the insured cargo and the loss must be borne by the one who was suffered. insurance cover: According to the stipulations of the People39。s Insurance Company of China, the following basic insurance covers are available in marine insurance: . Free From Particular Average Insurance (FPA) Under FPA the insurance pany will be responsible to pay claims for: (1) total losses during transportation suffered by natural calamities。 (2) total or partial losses due to fortuitous accidents。 2. With Particular Average Insurance (WPA) The cover of this insurance is more extensive. The insurer is liable for: (1) All FPA insurance。 (2) The partial losses of the insured goods due to natural calamities mentioned under FPA insurance. 3. Ail Risks Insurance under an all risks policy the goods are insured against all risks, e. g. from natural calamities, fortuitous accidents at Sea, or general extraneous risks, irrespective of percentage of loss, total or partial. The following things are not covered: (1) A natural deterioration of perishable goods, delay, loss or damage caused by inherent vice or nature of the subject matter。 (2) Exemptible issues expressly stipulated in the insurance contract
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