【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 不定式運(yùn)用口訣 本領(lǐng)最多不定式， 主表賓補(bǔ)定和狀。 樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。 大家千萬(wàn)要當(dāng)心， 有時(shí)它把句型改 ， 作主賓時(shí)用“ it”, 自己在后把身藏。 九個(gè)感官三使役， 賓補(bǔ)要把 to甩開(kāi) ； 疑問(wèn)詞后接上它， 賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng) ； 邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式， 不定式前 for sb. 。 to前 not是否定 ， 各種用法區(qū)別開(kāi)。 不定式在九個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞 see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, look at, observe, 三個(gè)使役 動(dòng)詞 let, have, make等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) ,to要省略 二、動(dòng)名詞 (一 ).動(dòng)名詞 的語(yǔ)法形式 ? 動(dòng)名詞 無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化 ,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化 . 時(shí)態(tài) \語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done (二 )、 動(dòng)名詞的句法功能 ? 具有名詞的特征 ,可充當(dāng)成分 : ? 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 1. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) ? Seeing is believing. ? Playing chess is fun. ? It39。s no use waiting here. ? 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) ,也可用 it 作形式主語(yǔ) .但只限于下面句型 : ? 1） 動(dòng)名詞在“ It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)， it為形式主語(yǔ)。例如： It is no good writing to him。 he never answers letters. It is no use talking too much. ? 2） 動(dòng)名詞在“ It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容詞 + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。例如： ? It is nice playing chess after supper. ? It is useless sending him there. ? 3） 動(dòng)名詞在“ There is(was) no + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。例如： ? There is no denying that she is very efficient. 2. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ) ? 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)起名詞作用 ,表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容 ,這時(shí)動(dòng)名詞和主語(yǔ)的位置是可以交換的。 ? The nurse39。s job is looking after the patients.= Looking after the patients is the nurse39。s job ? Four skills of English learning are listening, speaking, reading and writing. ? = listening, speaking, reading and writing are four skills of English learning . ? 注 : 動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) ,沒(méi)有太大區(qū)別 .在表示經(jīng)常習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作多用動(dòng)名詞 。 在表示具體某次動(dòng)作 , 特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí) ,多用不定式 . ? Their job is building houses. ? Our task now is to increase food production. 3. 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ) ? 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ) 時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 . 表示名詞 用途 ? a racing car= a car that is used to race ? a swimming pool= a pool that is used to swim in ? a swimming boy= a boy who is swimming ? 單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞 作 定語(yǔ) ,放在被 修飾的詞語(yǔ)前 。 ? 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) 作 定語(yǔ) ,放在被 修飾的詞語(yǔ)后 。 ? Do you know the person speaking to our boss ? ? The boy sitting under the tree is reading. 4. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) 1）動(dòng)名詞作 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) ①下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞： 建議完成練習(xí) suggest, advise, finish, practise, 喜歡考慮感激 enjoy, consider, appreciate, 想象原諒錯(cuò)過(guò) imagine, pardon, excuse, five, miss, 允許介意逃避 allow, permit, mind, escape, avoid, delay, keep, risk, remend, admit。 ? I can’t imagine marrying a girl of that sort. ? I remend buying the dictionary. ? Will you admit having broken the window? ? ② 有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有： ? leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, stick to, be worth, can’t stand , can’t help . ? He put off making a decision till he had more information. Do you feel like taking a walk? ? ? 2）動(dòng)名詞作 介詞 賓語(yǔ) ? 注意 : 介詞后如果需要非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) ,只能是動(dòng)名詞 ,不可用不定式 . ? Are you good at playing football? ? 其他介詞不易錯(cuò) ,重點(diǎn)是介詞 to .因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ椒?hào)也是 to ,所以一定要記住有關(guān)的短語(yǔ) . look forward to ,devote…to, get used to, pay attention to, stick to, on one’s way to… 這些短語(yǔ)中的 to都是介詞 . I am used to watching TV in the evening. We’re so mush looking forward to seeing you again. 動(dòng)名詞與不定式作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 ? 1)remember to do/doing記得去做 /記得做過(guò) ? Do remember to tell your mother. ? I remember telling my mother. ? 2)regret to do/doing表遺憾地 (說(shuō) )/表后悔 ? I regret to say/tell I must leave tomorrow. ? I regret not having told her earlier. ? 3) mean to do/doing計(jì)劃 ,打算做 /意味著 ? Where do you mean to go in your vacation? ? Missing the train means waiting for another hour. ? 4) try to do/doing 盡力做 /試著做 ? The boy tries to learn English well. ? The man lost the key, so he tried opening the door with a new key. ? 5) go on to do/doing ? 繼續(xù)做一件與前面內(nèi)容不同的事 / ? 繼續(xù)做一件與前面內(nèi)容一致的事 ? She waved to me and went on painting. ? The old man read a poem, then went on to tell a story. ? 6) fet to do/doing ? 忘了要做某事 /忘了做過(guò)某事 ? She fot to bring the purse with her. ? She fot bringing the purse with her. ? 7) stop to do/doing ? 停下來(lái)做另一件事 /停止做某事 ? After riding a bike for an hour, I stopped to walk. ? They talked loudly. I told them to stop talking. ? 8) like/love/hate to do/doing ? 做具體的事情 /表習(xí)慣 ? I like reading but I hate to read on Sunday. ? The boy hates getting up late, but he likes to get up late when he is free. （三） . 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ? 動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來(lái)表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ) ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) ? Do you mind my reading your paper? ? Their ing to help was a great encouragement to us. ? Rose’s going won’t be of much help. ? 如果動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子主語(yǔ)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格 ? I don’t mind Jack (him) going. ? She hates young people (them) smoking. 動(dòng)名詞有兩種時(shí)態(tài) A. 動(dòng)名詞的一般式 (doing ) 通常表示一般性的動(dòng)作或與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生 ? I am used to watching TV in the evening. They are interested in climbing mountains. （四） . 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài) ? (having done) ? 動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生常用動(dòng)名詞的完成式 ? She regret not having studied the puter hard. ? He didn’t mention having met me. （五） . 動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) ? 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者 , 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式 ? 1. 用作句子的主語(yǔ)。如： ? His being neglected by the host added to his 加不舒服。 ? So being killed by sharks was a mon 經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事。 ? 2. 用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。如： He didn’t mind being left at home. She couldn’t bear being made fun of like that. We congratulated him on his being admitted to the Party. ? They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers. ? 注 :如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生有時(shí)需要用 動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式(having been done) ? I don’t remember having ever been given ? a chance to try this method. ? 但多數(shù)情況下避免使用 動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式 ,以免句子顯得累贅 （六） .動(dòng)名詞句型 ? 1. It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure+ doing ? (1) It is no use talking too much. ? (2) It is no good crying. ? 2. It is useless/ n