【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 and has adequate resources to tackle leaching problems. 題目問Assumption, 即必要條件。 只有這個必要條件成立，結論才能成立(AB ) 。沒有這個必要條件，結論是不可能成立的（非B 非A)A. 高額的罰款并不是country X抯 problem will diminish. 的必要條件。因為如果由公司從自身的經(jīng)濟利益出發(fā)，寧愿選擇接受罰款，則結論不成立。B. out of scopeC. Correct Answer. 正符合我們的 Assumption.D. Weaken the conclusion because that pollution problems increase during the early stages of a country’s industrial development (early stages == begin the process of industrialization) E. 時間不一致，（一般現(xiàn)在式與begin to diminish in the next few years.） 比較對象不對。（Other country 與 Country X vs. Country X 現(xiàn)在 與 未來）8. The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively longterm stability of the goals of its citizens. This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations, it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, and it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens. The claim that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens plays which one of the following roles in the argument? A. It is the conclusion of the argument. B. It helps to support the conclusion of the argument. C. It is a claim that must be refuted if the conclusion is to be established. D. It is a consequence of the argument. E. It is used to illustrate the general principle that the argument presupposes. 這是一個典型的必要題型，題目之所以覺得有難度，因為conclusion 在首而論證過程在后，而且還有概念的等價交換：to increase the happiness of its citizens　＝＝to augment the satisfaction of the citizenry Conclusion: The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively longterm stability of the goals of its citizens. it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens. A society is stable (a) 224。 its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens. (b)This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations, it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, To craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry (b)224。 the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations, (c)Therefore, A requires C. (the conclusion)看懂文章后，不難得到正確答案B. 9. Astronauts who experience weightlessness frequently get motion sickness. The astronauts see their own motion relative to passing objects, but while the astronauts are weightless their inner ears indicate that their bodies are not moving. The astronauts’ experience is best explained by the hypothesis that conflicting information received by the brain about the body’s motion causes motion sickness. Which one of the following, if true, provides the strongest additional support for the hypothesis above? A. During rough voyages ship passengers in cabins providing a view of the water are less likely to get motion sickness than are passengers in cabins providing no view. B. Many people who are experienced airplane passengers occasionally get motion sickness. C. Some automobile passengers whose inner ears indicate that they are moving and who have a clear view of the objects they are passing get motion sickness. D. People who have aisle seats in trains or airplanes are as likely to get motion sickness as are people who have window seats. E. Some astronauts do not get motion sickness even after being in orbit for several days. 答案：A思路：搭橋法，建立A與B的聯(lián)系。仔細讀題可知：這種運動性疾病是由于大腦接受了不同的矛盾的信息。有兩個信息源：一個來自內(nèi)耳（靜止），一個來自眼睛（運動）。選項中只有A,C,D涉及這樣兩個信息源。A指出接受兩種不同的信息較容易獲得運動性疾病比起獲得兩種一致的信息。C：雖有兩種信息，但兩者是一致的（都是運動的）。C, D：指出接受兩種一致的信息較容易獲得運動性疾病比起獲得兩種不同的信息。與題目的例子相反。所以只有A是正確選項。10. In order to pressure the government of Country S to bee less repressive, some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Companies in R that manufacture telemunication equipment such as telephones and fax machines have argued that exports of their products should be exempted from the ban, on the ground that it is impossible for a country to remain repressive when telemunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument given by the manufacturers depends? A. The government of S has recently increased the amount of telemunication equipment it allows to be imported into the country. B. The telemunication equipment that would be imported into S if the exemption were to be granted would not be available solely to top development officials in S. C. A majority of the members of R’s legislature do not favor exempting telemunication equipment from the ban on exports to Country S. D. Of all exports that could be sent to Country S, telemunication equipment would be the most effective in helping citizens of S oppose that country’s repressive government. E. Without pressure from Country R, the government of S would be able to continue repressing its citizens indefinitely. The correct answer is B.See: Assumption questionThink: I have to find the conclusion, then the evidence, and from them figure out the central assumption.Do: Conclusion: The “what” of an argument In this case: In order to pressure the government of Country S to bee less repressive, some legislators in Country R want to ban all exports from R to S. Evidence: The “Why” of an argument In this case: It’s impossible for a country to remain repressive when telemunication equipment is widely available to the population of that country. Assumption: Facts or ideas, not stated in the passage. The assumption must be true if the argument is to be considered valid. The assumption typical directly links the evidence with the conclusion. The best way to tackle it i