【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing – not because we didn’t care, but because we didn’t know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have acted.此刻在這個院子里的所有人，生命中總有這樣或那樣的時刻，目睹人類的悲劇，感到萬分傷心。但是我們什么也沒做，并非我們無動于衷，而是因?yàn)槲覀儾恢雷鍪裁春驮趺醋?。如果我們知道如何做是有效的，那么我們就會采取行動。The barrier to change is not too little caring。 it is too much plexity.改變世界的阻礙，并非人類的冷漠，而是世界實(shí)在太復(fù)雜。To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact. But plexity blocks all three steps.為了將關(guān)心轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾袆樱覀冃枰业絾栴}，發(fā)現(xiàn)解決辦法的方法，評估后果。但是世界的復(fù)雜性使得所有這些步驟都難于做到。Even with the advent of the Internet and 24hour news, it is still a plex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, officials iMMediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future.即使有了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和 24 小時直播的新聞臺，讓人們真正發(fā)現(xiàn)問題所在，仍然十分困難。當(dāng)一架飛機(jī)墜毀了，官員們會立刻召開新聞發(fā)布會，他們承諾進(jìn)行調(diào)查、找到原因、防止將來再次發(fā)生類似事故。But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane. We’re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.但是如果那些官員敢說真話，他們就會說： “ 在今天這一天，全世界所有可以避免的死亡之中，只有% 的死者來自于這次空難。我們決心盡一切努力，調(diào)查這個 % 的死亡原因。 ”The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths.顯然，更重要的問題不是這次空難，而是其他幾百萬可以預(yù)防的死亡事件。We don’t read much about these deaths. The media covers what’s new – and millions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it’s easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it’s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem. It’s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so plex that we don’t know how to help. And so we look away.我們并沒有很多機(jī)會了解那些死亡事件。媒體總是報(bào)告新聞，幾百萬人將要死去并非新聞。如果沒有人報(bào)道，那么這些事件就很容易被忽視。另一方面，即使 我們確實(shí)目睹了事件本身或者看到了相關(guān)報(bào)道，我們也很難持續(xù)關(guān)注這些事件?？粗耸芸嗍橇钊送纯嗟?，何況問題又如此復(fù)雜，我們根本不知道如何去幫助他 人。所以我們會將臉轉(zhuǎn)過去。If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we e to the second step: cutting through the plexity to find a solution.就算我們真正發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題所在，也不過是邁出了第一步，接著還有第二步：那就是從復(fù)雜的事件中找到解決辦法。Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks How can I help?, then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But plexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.如果我們要讓關(guān)心落到實(shí)處，我們就必須找到解決辦法。如果我們有一個清晰的和可靠的答案，那么當(dāng)任何組織和個人發(fā)出疑問 “ 如何我能提供幫助 ” 的時 候，我們就能采取行動。我們就能夠保證不浪費(fèi)一丁點(diǎn)全世界人類對他人的關(guān)心。但是，世界的復(fù)雜性使得很難找到對全世界每一個有愛心的人都有效的行動方法， 因此人類對他人的關(guān)心往往很難產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果。Cutting through plexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highestleverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.從這個復(fù)雜的世界中找到解決辦法，可以分為四個步驟：確定目標(biāo)，找到最高效的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)適用于這個方法的新技術(shù)，同時最聰明地利用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，不管它是復(fù)雜的藥物，還是最簡單的蚊帳。The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highestleverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug panies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.艾滋病就是一個例子?？偟哪繕?biāo)，毫無疑問是消滅這種疾病。最高效的方法是預(yù)防。最理想的技術(shù)是發(fā)明一種疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以終生免疫。所以， 政府、制藥公司、基金會應(yīng)該資助疫苗研究。但是，這樣研究工作很可能十年之內(nèi)都無法完成。因此，與此同時，我們必須使用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，目前最有效的預(yù)防方法 就是設(shè)法讓人們避免那些危險(xiǎn)的行為。Pursuing that goal starts the fourstep cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working – and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century – which is to surrender to plexity and quit.要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個新的目標(biāo)，又可以采用新的四步循環(huán)。這是一種模式。關(guān)鍵的東西是永遠(yuǎn)不要停止思考和行動。我們千萬不能再犯上個世紀(jì)在瘧疾和肺結(jié)核上犯過的錯誤，那時我們因?yàn)樗鼈兲珡?fù)雜，而放棄了采取行動。The final step – after seeing the problem and finding an approach – is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts.在發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和找到解決方法之后，就是最后一步 —— 評估工作結(jié)果，將你的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)或者失敗經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳播出去，這樣其他人就可以從你的努力中有所收獲。You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children