【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 一家公司打了一個(gè)電話(huà)，那家公司已經(jīng)在著手制造世界上第一臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦。我提出想向他們出售軟件。I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on they said: We’re not quite ready, e see us in a month, which was a good thing, because we hadn’t written the software that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with ，他們會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)我是一個(gè)住在宿舍的學(xué)生，從而掛斷電話(huà)。但是他們卻說(shuō)： “ 我們還沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好，一個(gè)月后你再來(lái)找我們吧?！?這是個(gè)好消息，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí) 軟件還根本沒(méi)有寫(xiě)出來(lái)呢。就是從那個(gè)時(shí)候起，我日以繼夜地在這個(gè)小小的課外項(xiàng)目上工作，這導(dǎo)致了我學(xué)生生活的結(jié)束，以及通往微軟公司的不平凡的旅程的開(kāi) 始。What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always was an amazing privilege – and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked ，我對(duì)哈佛的回憶主要都與充沛的精力和智力活動(dòng)有關(guān)。哈佛的生活令人愉快，也令人感到有壓力，有時(shí)甚至?xí)械叫箽?，但永遠(yuǎn)充滿(mǎn)了挑戰(zhàn)性。生 活在哈佛是一種吸引人的特殊待遇 …… 雖然我離開(kāi)得比較早，但是我在這里的經(jīng)歷、在這里結(jié)識(shí)的朋友、在這里發(fā)展起來(lái)的一些想法，永遠(yuǎn)地改變了我。But taking a serious look back … I do have one big ，如果現(xiàn)在嚴(yán)肅地回憶起來(lái)，我確實(shí)有一個(gè)真正的遺憾。I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world – the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of ，根本沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這個(gè)世界是多么的不平等。人類(lèi)在健康、財(cái)富和機(jī)遇上的不平等大得可怕，它們使得無(wú)數(shù)的人們被迫生活在絕望之中。I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and got great exposure to the advances being made in the 。我也了解了很多科學(xué)上的新進(jìn)展。But humanity’s greatest advances are not in its discoveries – but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce through democracy, strong public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity – reducing inequity is the highest human ，人類(lèi)最大的進(jìn)步并不來(lái)自于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是來(lái)自于那些有助于減少人類(lèi)不平等的發(fā)現(xiàn)。不管通過(guò)何種手段 —— 民主制度、健全的公共教育體系、高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療保健、還是廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì) —— 減少不平等始終是人類(lèi)最大的成就。I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing ，根本不知道在這個(gè)國(guó)家里，有幾百萬(wàn)的年輕人無(wú)法獲得接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。我也不知道，發(fā)展中國(guó)家里有無(wú)數(shù)的人們生活在無(wú)法形容的貧窮和疾病之中。It took me decades to find 。You graduates came to Harvard at a different know more about the world’s inequities than the classes that came your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve ，你們是在與我不同的時(shí)代來(lái)到哈佛的。你們比以前的學(xué)生，更多地了解世界是怎樣的不平等。在你們的哈佛求學(xué)過(guò)程中，我希望你們已經(jīng)思考過(guò)一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就是在這個(gè)新技術(shù)加速發(fā)展的時(shí)代，我們?cè)鯓幼罱K應(yīng)對(duì)這種不平等，以及我們?cè)鯓觼?lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause – and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving would you spend it?為了討論的方便，請(qǐng)想象一下，假如你每個(gè)星期可以捐獻(xiàn)一些時(shí)間、每個(gè)月可以捐獻(xiàn)一些錢(qián) —— 你希望這些時(shí)間和金錢(qián)，可以用到對(duì)拯救生命和改善人類(lèi)生活有最大作用的地方。你會(huì)選擇什么地方?For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we Melinda(注：蓋茨的妻子)和我來(lái)說(shuō)，這也是我們面臨的問(wèn)題：我們?nèi)绾文軐⑽覀儞碛械馁Y源發(fā)揮出最大的作用。During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this , malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year – none of them in the United ，Melinda 和我讀到了一篇文章，里面說(shuō)在那些貧窮的國(guó)家，每年有數(shù)百萬(wàn)的兒童死于那些在美國(guó)早已不成問(wèn)題的疾病。麻疹、瘧疾、肺炎、乙型肝炎、黃熱病、還有一種以前我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的輪狀病毒，這些疾病每年導(dǎo)致 50 萬(wàn)兒童死亡，但是在美國(guó)一例死亡病例也沒(méi)有。We were had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save it did under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren’t being 。我們想，如果幾百萬(wàn)兒童正在死亡線(xiàn)上掙扎，而且他們是可以被挽救的，那么世界理應(yīng)將用藥物拯救他們作為頭等大事。但是事實(shí)并非如此。那些價(jià)格還不到一美元的救命的藥劑，并沒(méi)有送到他們的手中。If you believe that every life has equal value, it’s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are said to ourselves: This can’t be if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our ，那么當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)某些生命被挽救了，而另一些生命被放棄了，你會(huì)感到無(wú)法接受。我們對(duì)自己說(shuō)： “ 事情不可能如此。如果這是真的，那么它理應(yīng)是我們努力的頭等大事?！盨o we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin asked: How could the world let these children die?所以，我們用任何人都會(huì)想到的方式開(kāi)始工作。我們問(wèn)： “ 這個(gè)世界怎么可以眼睜睜看著這些孩子死去? ”我們并沒(méi)有很多機(jī)會(huì)了解那些死亡事件。媒體總是報(bào)告新聞，幾百萬(wàn)人將要死去并非新聞。如果沒(méi)有人報(bào)道，那么這些事件就很容易被忽視。另一方面，即使 我們確實(shí)目睹了事件本身或者看到了相關(guān)報(bào)道，我們也很難持續(xù)關(guān)注這些事件?？粗耸芸嗍橇钊送纯嗟模螞r問(wèn)題又如此復(fù)雜，我們根本不知道如何去幫助他 人。所以我們會(huì)將臉轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去。If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we e to the second step: cutting through the plexity to find a ，也不過(guò)是邁出了第一步，接著還有第二步：那就是從復(fù)雜的事件中找到解決辦法。Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks How can I help?, then we can get action – and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is plexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares — and that makes it hard for their caring to ，我們就必須找到解決辦法。如果我們有一個(gè)清晰的和可靠的答案，那么當(dāng)任何組織和個(gè)人發(fā)出疑問(wèn) “ 如何我能提供幫助 ” 的時(shí) 候，我們就能采取行動(dòng)。我們就能夠保證不浪費(fèi)一丁點(diǎn)全世界人類(lèi)對(duì)他人的關(guān)心。但是，世界的復(fù)雜性使得很難找到對(duì)全世界每一個(gè)有愛(ài)心的人都有效的行動(dòng)方法，因此人類(lèi)對(duì)他人的關(guān)心往往很難產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果。Cutting through plexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highestleverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have — whether it’s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a ，可以分為四個(gè)步驟：確定目標(biāo)，找到最高效的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)適用于這個(gè)方法的新技術(shù)，同時(shí)最聰明地利用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，不管它是復(fù)雜的藥物，還是最簡(jiǎn)單的蚊帳。The AIDS epidemic offers an broad goal, of course, is to end the highestleverage approach is ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single governments, drug panies, and foundations fund vaccine their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand – and the best prevention app