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de sure they knew that she was up there so that they would bring her down after later that evening after the sun went down and then I had to ,讓她們晚上日落后把她搬下來,然后我不得不離開。But she never left 。I felt pletely and totally inadequate in the face of this woman’s 。But sometimes, it’s the people that you can’t help that inspire you the 。I knew that those sex worker I had met in the morning could be the woman that I carried upstairs later that evening, unless we found a way to defy the stigma that hung over their ,以后很有可能就會變成那天晚上我扶上樓的那位女性,除非我們能夠找到辦法,為她們洗脫身上無法擺脫的污名。Over the past ten years, our Foundation has helped sex workers build support groups so they could empower one another to speak up and demand safe sex and that their clients use 我們基金會幫助性工作者建立起很多支持小組 讓他們有能力互相鼓勵發(fā)出聲音 要求安全的性交易 要求客人使用安全套。Their brave efforts have helped to keep HIV prevalence low among sex workers and a lot of studies show that’s the big reason why the AIDS epidemic has not exploded in ,很多研究顯示這也正是艾滋病沒有在印度大范圍暴發(fā)的重要原因。When these sex workers gather together to help stop AIDS transmission, something unexpected and wonderful ,又發(fā)生了一件令人意想不到的奇妙事情。The munity they formed became a platform for 。Police and others who raped and robbed them couldn’t get away with it 搶劫她們的警察和其他人不能再逍遙法外。The women set up systems to encourage savings for one another and with those savings, they were able to leave sex ,通過這些存款 不少人得以脫離性工作。This was all done by people that society considered the lowest of the 。Optimism, for me, is not a passive expectation that things are going to get ,并不是一種認為未來會變美好的被動期望。For me, it’s a conviction and a belief that we can make things 相信我們能用自己的雙手讓未來變的更好。So no matter how much suffering we see, no matter how bad it is, we can help people if we don’t lose hope and if we don’t look 無論境況有多糟糕,只要不喪失希望 不假裝沒看見我們就能幫助這些人。Bill: Melinda and I have described some devastating scenes, but we want to make the strongest case we can for the power of ,但我們愿意以最好的期許 相信樂觀的力量。Even in dire situations, optimism fuels innovation and leads to new approaches that eliminate ,樂觀越能激發(fā)出創(chuàng)新 為消除苦難找出新的方法。But if you never really see the people who are suffering, your optimism can’t help ,你的樂觀將幫不到她們。You will never change their 。And that brings me to what I see is a 。The modern world is an incredible source of innovation and Stanford stands at the center of that, creating new panies, new schools of thought, prizewinning professors, inspired art and literature, miracle drugs, and amazing ,斯坦福則位于這一切的中心,創(chuàng)立起新公司和新的思想學派,充滿獲獎教授,啟迪指示和智慧,研發(fā)出神奇藥物,培養(yǎng)出了不起的畢業(yè)生。Whether you are a scientist with a new discovery, or working in the trenches to understand the needs of the most marginalized, you are advancing amazing breakthroughs in what human beings can do for each ,還是奮戰(zhàn)于滿足邊緣人群需求最前線的人,你都是在推動人類相互幫助上的偉大突破。At the same time, if you ask people across the United States is the future going to be better than the past, most say kids will be worse off than I ,大多數(shù)人說不會。我的子孫會比我過的糟糕。They think innovation won’t make the world better for them or their 。So who is right? 到底誰對呢?The people who say innovation will create new possibilities and make the world better? Or the people who see a trend toward inequality and a decline in opportunity and don’t think innovation will change that? 是那些聲稱創(chuàng)新能夠創(chuàng)造新機遇并讓世界變得更好的人,還是那些認為不平等會加重,機會會減少,不認為創(chuàng)新能夠改變這些趨勢的人?The pessimists are wrong, in my they are not ,悲觀主義者是錯誤的。但她們的想法并不瘋狂。If innovation is purely market driven, and we don’t focus on the big inequalities, then we could have amazing advances in inventions that leave the world even more ,沒人關心不平等的加劇,那么世界就算有再多美妙發(fā)明也是白搭,只能讓世界分化越發(fā)嚴重。We won’t improve public won’t end won’t end won’t develop the innovations poor farmers need to grow food in a changing ,我們將無法根除瘧疾,我們將無法根除貧窮。我們將無法開發(fā)出貧苦農民所需的創(chuàng)新,讓她們能在變化的氣候條件下種出作物。If our optimism doesn’t address the problems that affect so many of our fellow human beings, then our optimism needs more empathy channels our optimism, we will see the poverty and the disease and the poor ,不能幫助很多需要幫助的同胞,那么這種樂觀就需要更多同情心。如果同情心能夠引導我們的樂觀,我們就肯定能看到貧困,疾病和糟糕的教育條件。We will answer with our innovations and we will surprise the ,我們就肯定能讓悲觀主義者大吃一驚。Over the next generation, you, Stanford graduates, will lead a new weave of ,你們這些斯坦福畢業(yè)生將會引領新一波創(chuàng)新。Which problems will you decide to solve? 你們決定處理哪些問題?If your world is wide, you can create the future we all 。If your world is narrow, you may create the future the pessimists ,你們就有可能創(chuàng)建出悲觀主義者們所害怕的未來。I started learning in Soweto, that if we are going to make our optimism matter to everyone, and empower people everywhere, we have to see the lives of those most in ,如果我們要將這份樂觀傳遞給每個人,讓所有地方的人都獲得力量,我們需要首先去感受那些需求最迫切者的生活。If we have optimism, without empathy, then it doesn’t matter how much we master the secrets of ,那么對科學秘密掌握得再好也將毫無用處。We are not really solving are just working on think most of you have a broader view than I had at your can do better at this than I ,而是僅僅在做一些智力題。我想你們大多數(shù)人,世界觀都比我在你們這么大時更加寬廣。你們肯定能夠比我做到更好。If you put your hearts and minds to it, you can surprise the are eager to see ,我們就必然能讓悲觀主義者震驚。我們很像看到你們創(chuàng)造的未來。Melinda: So let your heart will change what you do with your 。這會改變你們對樂觀的理解。On a trip to South Asia, I met a desperately poor Indian woman who had two children and she begged me to take them home with ,我碰到了以為赤貧的印度女性,她有兩個孩子,她請求我把這兩個孩子帶回去領養(yǎng)。And when I begged her for her forgiveness she said, well, then please, just take one of ,那請你領養(yǎng)其中一個孩子行嗎。On another trip to south Los Angeles, I met with a group of the students from a tough young girl said to me, do you ever feel like we are the kids whose parents shirked their responsibilities and we are just the leftovers? 還有一次我去南洛杉磯,見了一群來自艱苦社區(qū)的學生。一個小女孩跟我說,你有沒有覺得我們這些孩子都被父母放置不理,我們只不過是多余的東西。These women broke my they still ?,F(xiàn)在仍然如此。And the empathy intensifies if I admit to myself, that could be “這也可能是我”同情心便會越發(fā)強烈。When I talk with the mothers I meet during my travels, there’s no difference between what we want for our only difference is our ability to provide it to our 。我們想為子女提供的東西其實并沒有太大差別。唯一差別在于我們?yōu)樽优峁┻@些