【正文】 barriers, and it opens up whole new frontiers for here is our appeal to you you leave Stanford, take all your genius and your optimism and your empathy, and go change the world in ways that will make millions of people ，并且打開(kāi)樂(lè)觀的新視野。So when we strip away all of our privilege and we consider where we would be without them, it bees someone much easier to see someone who is poor and say, that could be that’s ，考慮我們沒(méi)有這些優(yōu)勢(shì)。完全純粹的運(yùn)氣。Bill worked incredibly hard and he took risks and he made sacrifices for ，他冒過(guò)很多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，做過(guò)很多犧牲采取的了今天的成功。唯一差別在于我們?yōu)樽优峁┻@些東西的能力。When I talk with the mothers I meet during my travels, there’s no difference between what we want for our only difference is our ability to provide it to our ?，F(xiàn)在仍然如此。一個(gè)小女孩跟我說(shuō)，你有沒(méi)有覺(jué)得我們這些孩子都被父母放置不理，我們只不過(guò)是多余的東西。And when I begged her for her forgiveness she said, well, then please, just take one of ，那請(qǐng)你領(lǐng)養(yǎng)其中一個(gè)孩子行嗎。這會(huì)改變你們對(duì)樂(lè)觀的理解。我們很像看到你們創(chuàng)造的未來(lái)。你們肯定能夠比我做到更好。We are not really solving are just working on think most of you have a broader view than I had at your can do better at this than I ，而是僅僅在做一些智力題。I started learning in Soweto, that if we are going to make our optimism matter to everyone, and empower people everywhere, we have to see the lives of those most in ，如果我們要將這份樂(lè)觀傳遞給每個(gè)人，讓所有地方的人都獲得力量，我們需要首先去感受那些需求最迫切者的生活。Which problems will you decide to solve? 你們決定處理哪些問(wèn)題？If your world is wide, you can create the future we all 。We will answer with our innovations and we will surprise the ，我們就肯定能讓悲觀主義者大吃一驚。If our optimism doesn’t address the problems that affect so many of our fellow human beings, then our optimism needs more empathy channels our optimism, we will see the poverty and the disease and the poor ，不能幫助很多需要幫助的同胞，那么這種樂(lè)觀就需要更多同情心。We won’t improve public won’t end won’t end won’t develop the innovations poor farmers need to grow food in a changing ，我們將無(wú)法根除瘧疾，我們將無(wú)法根除貧窮。但她們的想法并不瘋狂。They think innovation won’t make the world better for them or their 。At the same time, if you ask people across the United States is the future going to be better than the past, most say kids will be worse off than I ，大多數(shù)人說(shuō)不會(huì)。The modern world is an incredible source of innovation and Stanford stands at the center of that, creating new panies, new schools of thought, prizewinning professors, inspired art and literature, miracle drugs, and amazing ，斯坦福則位于這一切的中心，創(chuàng)立起新公司和新的思想學(xué)派，充滿獲獎(jiǎng)教授，啟迪指示和智慧，研發(fā)出神奇藥物，培養(yǎng)出了不起的畢業(yè)生。You will never change their 。Even in dire situations, optimism fuels innovation and leads to new approaches that eliminate ，樂(lè)觀越能激發(fā)出創(chuàng)新 為消除苦難找出新的方法。So no matter how much suffering we see, no matter how bad it is, we can help people if we don’t lose hope and if we don’t look 無(wú)論境況有多糟糕，只要不喪失希望 不假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我們就能幫助這些人。Optimism, for me, is not a passive expectation that things are going to get ，并不是一種認(rèn)為未來(lái)會(huì)變美好的被動(dòng)期望。The women set up systems to encourage savings for one another and with those savings, they were able to leave sex ，通過(guò)這些存款 不少人得以脫離性工作。The munity they formed became a platform for 。Their brave efforts have helped to keep HIV prevalence low among sex workers and a lot of studies show that’s the big reason why the AIDS epidemic has not exploded in ，很多研究顯示這也正是艾滋病沒(méi)有在印度大范圍暴發(fā)的重要原因。I knew that those sex worker I had met in the morning could be the woman that I carried upstairs later that evening, unless we found a way to defy the stigma that hung over their ，以后很有可能就會(huì)變成那天晚上我扶上樓的那位女性，除非我們能夠找到辦法，為她們洗脫身上無(wú)法擺脫的污名。I felt pletely and totally inadequate in the face of this woman’s 。The workers knew—I made sure they knew that she was up there so that they would bring her down after later that evening after the sun went down and then I had to ，讓她們晚上日落后把她搬下來(lái)，然后我不得不離開(kāi)?！?And so finally, I just scooped this woman up in my 。我們她們能否幫忙把她抬上屋頂？她們說(shuō)：“不行，我們還需要非法藥物。她肯定是想到屋頂看日落。And after I had been with her for sometime, she started pointing to the roof clearly wanted to go up and I realized the sun was going down and what she wanted to do was so up on the roof and see the ，她指向屋頂。And finally I just said to her, it’s going to be 沒(méi)事的。她抓住我的手久久不愿放開(kāi)。但我不認(rèn)看到她那么孤獨(dú)。I had absolutely nothing I could offer this knew I couldn’t save I didn’t want her to be 。而懲罰便是被拋棄。她有一些癥狀而且被安排在這個(gè)孤獨(dú)的角落更說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。她很消瘦離死亡已不遙遠(yuǎn)，她的肚子里已經(jīng)無(wú)法容納任何東西，義工們不得不將床板切一個(gè)洞，并將盆子放到床下，她體內(nèi)的一切就這樣傾瀉到盆子里。我深深記得她的眼睛。于是我決定過(guò)去看看。Later that same day, I spent some time in India in a home for the ，我后來(lái)又去了一所垂死之家。It was if physical contact somehow proved their ，她們才能體會(huì)到自己的存在價(jià)值。Talking to them about their lives was so moving to me, but what I remember most was how much they wanted to be ，我印象最深刻的是她們很希望同人接觸。They wanted to be able to feed their 。Many of these women had been abandoned by their 。About ten years ago, I traveled with a group of friends to last day I was there, I had a meeting with a group of prostitutes, and I expected to talk to them about the risk of AIDS that they were facing, but what they wanted to talk to me about was 。But if you want to do the most, you have to go see the worst, and I’ve had days like that ，你必須看到最糟的真相。And he finally just said, I will tell you more when I get 。比爾跟我說(shuō)，梅琳達(dá)我去了一個(gè)從沒(méi)去過(guò)的地方。Melinda: Bill called me that day after he visited the TB hospital and normally if one of us is on an international trip, we will go through our agenda for the day and who we met and where we have ，比爾打電話給我，如果我們倆有人要到國(guó)外出差，一般情況下，我們都會(huì)對(duì)去哪以及見(jiàn)誰(shuí)有一個(gè)計(jì)劃。That’s the attitude that says we can’t defeat poverty and absolutely ，我們無(wú)法打敗貧窮和疾病。Optimism is often dismissed as false there is also false 。I got into the car as I left and I told the doctor we were working with, I know MDRTB is hard to cure, but we must do something for these ，我鉆進(jìn)車?yán)锔嬖V與我們共事的醫(yī)生，我知道MDRTB很難治愈，但我們必須為這些人們做點(diǎn)什么。But seeing this hell didn’t reduce my channeled 。She wasn’t going to live much there were plenty of MDR patients, waiting to take her bed when she vacated ，但還有很多肺結(jié)核患者等待這她死后騰出的病床。She went to a doctor and said she had drugresistant ，醫(yī)生說(shuō)她得了耐藥性結(jié)核病。I talked to a patient there in her early 。There was one floor just for children, including some babies lying in ，包括剛出生不