【文章內容簡介】 realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon,分句2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly oldfashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction．分句1 做時間狀語“In a period”的后置定語，補充修飾period，相當于省略了 “which was”的定語從句。 分句2 是主句。 整個句子的難點在于找主句。 其實分句1的末尾是 such as 引導的三個人名的并列，在最后一個人名Thomas Pynchon前有and, 說明這個列舉對象中的最后一個。所以整個句子的主干在T P 這個人后面出現(xiàn)。19．If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence．(虛擬語氣)如果不是具有這種能力，它們就會在短時間內吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能會因餓死而滅絕。分句1. If it were not for this faculty分句2. they would devour all the food available in short time分句3. would probably starve themselves out of existence分句1 是虛擬語氣的條件從句分句3是并列關系，并且是主句。20．People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation39。s economy would bring social chaos．(同位語從句prospect that…)19世紀的美國人因為害怕國家經(jīng)濟中史無前例的變化會帶來社會混亂這一前景而提心吊膽。分句1. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect分句2. that unprecedented change in the nation39。s economy would bring social chaos．2嵌套在1中，做1中prospect 的同位語從句；1是主句，2 具體解釋說明 prospect。21．Acpanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation39。s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits．(倒裝Acpanying that growth was a structural change that…=A structural change…was acpanying that growth)伴隨著這一增長的是一個結構變化，它以經(jīng)濟的不斷多樣化和國家勞動力從農業(yè)到制造業(yè)和其他非農業(yè)職業(yè)的逐漸轉化為特征。分句1. Acpanying that growth was a structural change分句2. that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation39。s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits2嵌套在1中，做1中的structural change 的定語從句，這個定語從句結構較復雜，由兩個and連接三個并列的名詞性成分。分句1是主句，且采用完全倒裝的形式。 22．As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home．(倒裝so did…)隨著男人和女人在社會中扮演的角色被限定得更加嚴格，他們在家中的角色也是如此。分句1. the roles became more rigidly defined分句2. men and women played in society分句3. so did the roles 分句4. they played in the home．1和2嵌套，2是修飾1中的role 的定語從句。 3和4嵌套，4是3中的roles的。1和3并列，3是由so引導的部分倒裝句。23. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals，sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional shapes．(倒裝Surrounding the column are…)圍繞著蕊柱的是三個萼片和三個花瓣，有時很容易辨認出來，但經(jīng)常被扭成華麗、奇特但總是有用的形狀。完全倒裝句，正常語序是： Three sepals and three petals are surrounding the column, sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional shapes．24．With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it，young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression．(倒裝than had their predecessors—比較結構的第二部分)隨著二戰(zhàn)帶來的持續(xù)繁榮以及隨之而來的經(jīng)濟增長，年輕人比大蕭條中的同齡人結婚成家更早，而且養(yǎng)育的家庭比他們的前輩更大。分句1. the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War分句2. the economic boom that followed it分句3. young people married and established households earlier分句4. began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression．1和2并列，3和4并列1和2 是伴隨狀語3和4是主句25．The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature；furthermore，in its manifestation of speed and noise，it might be a despoiler of human nature as well．(關聯(lián)結構could be and was)鐵路可以，事實上也是自然的掠奪者；而且，在其速度和噪音的表現(xiàn)上也可能是人性的掠奪者。分句1. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature分句2. it might be a despoiler of human nature as well．1和2 是并列 （由分號連接的兩個并列分句）26．In the railroads39。 prime years，between 1 890 and 1920，there were a few individuals in the United States，most of them with solid railroading experience behind them，who made a profession of writing about railroadingworks offering the ambience of stations，yards，and lootive cabs．(同位語most of them；定語從句who made a profession of writing)在1890年到1920年間鐵路的黃金時期，美國有幾個人(他們大多有豐富的鐵路經(jīng)驗)以寫鐵路題材為職業(yè)——作品圍繞車站、停車場和機車。分句1. there were a few individuals in the United States分句2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them分句3. who made a profession of writing about railroading分句4. works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and lootive cabs．1是主句2和3是嵌套2作為1中a few individuals 的同位語，對它進一步解釋說明29．On the other hand，when it es to substantiveparticularly behavioralinformation，crows are less well known than many parably mon species and，for that matter，not a few quite unmon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example．(特殊結構for that matter)另一方面，當涉及實質性的，特別是行為方面的信息時，烏鴉就不如許多比較而言很普通的鳥類那樣為人所知；而且，也不如許多很不尋常的鳥類，舉一個明顯的例子，如像瀕危的加利福尼亞大禿鷲那樣為人所知。分句1. when it es to substantiveparticularly behavioralinformation分句2. crows are less well known than many parably mon species and, for that matter，not a few quite unmon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example．1和2是并列， 分句1是時間狀語， 2是主句，其中包含插入語結構 以及 冒號連接的解釋說明的成分30．Keen observers and quick learners，they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers，and adept at avoiding them．(并列同位語keen observers and quick learners)烏鴉是敏銳的觀察家和快捷的學習者，它們對其他生物(包括研究人員)的意圖感覺非常敏銳，并且善于躲開它們。分句1. they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers分句2. and adept at avoiding them．1和2是并列。 句子開頭的“keen observers and quick learners”是主語 they的同位語。31．These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history，providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented．(賓語從句demonstrate that…；特殊結構otherwise)這些研究人員已經(jīng)力圖證實他們的工作不僅可以成為科學而且還是歷史的寶貴工具，為了解普通人的日常生活提供嶄新的觀點，否則這些普通人的生存狀態(tài)不可能被記載