chapter7learningandmemory(編輯修改稿)
2024-08-11 18:06 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ightens to teaching ? Variability in style of teaching 教學(xué)形式多樣化 ? Variability in media and materials of instruction 媒體與教學(xué)資源多樣化 ? Keep anxiety 保持好奇心 ? Physical excitement and freshmen 保持身體興奮和清醒 Working Memory 工作記憶 ? Working memory relates to where we are conscious of what we are thinking about. It is of limited capacity, so information needs to be chunked, either: 工作記憶是指個人當(dāng)時注意著的信息，是唯一對信息進(jìn)行有意識加工的記憶階段，它的容量有限 , 所以信息需要編成 組件 （信息的一種意義單位），組件的方式有： ? By rehearsal, which leads to rote learning。 復(fù)述（它導(dǎo)致機(jī)械學(xué)習(xí)） ? By coding, which leads to meaningful learning 編碼（它導(dǎo)致意義學(xué)習(xí)） Working Memory ? Needed for all cognitive activities 所有認(rèn)知過程都有賴于工作記憶 ? Limited in capacity 容量有限 ? Based on one’s psychological quality 基于人的心理素質(zhì) ? Optimising the use of working memory 最大限度地發(fā)揮工作記憶的作用 – Organization of chunk 構(gòu)建思維組件 – Psychological states 心理狀態(tài) Ways of processing in working memory ? Use imagery 利用表象 ? Recycle 重復(fù) ? Rehearse 背記 ? Coding amp。 Recoding 編碼與重編碼 Three important concepts ? Precoding 預(yù)編碼 – The process, which takes place in the sensory register, of selecting a particular train of information for conscious attention on the basis of its current importance. 在感覺記錄中進(jìn)行的過程，依據(jù)這些信息在當(dāng)前的重要性篩選出一組特定的信息予以有意識的注意。 ? Coding Reading in, interpreting and understanding input in terms of existing coded knowledge. 用已編碼的知識對新輸入的信息進(jìn)行讀入、解釋和理解的過程。
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