【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 generally considered an honorific.9) Lao Zi’s philosophy reflects the exploration of an intellectual for the ultimate solution of _____________ and _____________.3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. 史前時(shí)期______________ b. 悲觀主義______________ c. 道教__________________ d. 天人相應(yīng)______________11) a. 中華武術(shù)______________ b. 占星學(xué) _______________c. 中國(guó)煉丹術(shù)____________ d. 社會(huì)秩序______________4. Explain the following in English.12) the Three Jewels of the Tao13) the “Four Sacred Daoist Mountains”5. Answer the following questions.14) What does Lao Zi’s “Tao” mean?15) Why Taoism is so important in Chinese religion?16) How do you understand Lao Zi’s “ruling by nonaction or inaction”?答案1．Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) d 2) d 3) b 4) b 5) c2. Fill in the blanks.6) naturalistic, primitive7) the simplicity, true nature, selfishness, desire8) Old Master9) the social order, individual freedom3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. prehistoric times b. pessimism c. Taoism d. mencosmos correspondence11) a. Chinese martial arts b. astrology c. Chinese alchemy d. social order4. Explain the following in English.12) passion, moderation, and humility 13) Mount Longhu (Mount Dragon and Tiger) in Jiangxi Province, Mount Qingcheng in Sichuan Province, Mount Wudang in Hubei Province, and Mount Qiyun in Anhui Province.5. Answer the following questions.14) The core of Lao Zi’s thought is “Tao” (the Way), by which he refered to the condition of the universe before the creation of the heaven and the earth. Therefore, it is from Tao that all the elements of the universe are derived. Reversal enables Tao to have a circular movement, that is, when the development of anything brings it to one extreme, a reversal to the other extreme takes place. 15) Taoism is one of the most important religions in China, which refers to a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions and concepts. These traditions have influenced East Asia for over two thousand years and some have spread to the West. As the native religion of China, Daoism, together with Confucianism and Buddhism, prises the main body of traditional Chinese culture. Daoists, in pursuit of the ideal of being immortals by practicing Dao, made great efforts to transcend conventional wisdom about life and knowledge and thus helped both to define ancient science in China and to advance it through a great number of inventions. Chinese alchemy, astrology, cuisine, several Chinese martial arts, Chinese traditional medicine, fengshui, and many styles of qigong breath training disciplines have been intertwined with Daoism throughout history.16) Lao Zi’s “ruling by nonaction or inaction” reflects the exploration of an intellectual for the ultimate solution of the social order and individual freedom. His pursuit of vacuity and action through nonaction echoes the reality of his time, a period torn by ceaseless wars among states. Lao Zi used the term broadly with simplicity and humility as key virtues, often in contrast to selfish action. On a political level, it means avoiding wars, harsh laws and heavy taxes. For him, it was more important to “see the simplicity, to realize one’s true nature, to cast off selfishness, and to temper desire”.Chapter 51．Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) Buddhism originated in _______ in the 6th century BC. Sakyamuni is said to be the founder of Buddhism.a . China b. Japan c. India d. Korea2) In 1996, Mount _______ was included in the List of the World Famous Cultural Relics.a. Jiuhua b. Wutai c. Emei d. Putuo 3) Buddhism is the number _______ religion in China.a. one b. two c. three d. four4) Mount _______ is known in and out of the country as “the most worshipped sacred place” and “the first mountain in Southeast China.”a. Jiuhua b. Wutai c. Emei d. Putuo 5) Mount _______ has numerous temples and nunneries, and is therefore called a “Buddhist Kingdom on the Sea”.a. Jiuhua b. Wutai c. Emei d. Putuo 2. Fill in the blanks.6) Buddhism was spread to China in 67 AD during ________________ (206 BC220) from Hotan in Xinjiang to Central China. During ________________ dynasties, Buddhism entered its golden age.7) Buddhism has always coexisted with __________ and ________.8) ____________ is the most wellknown one among the “Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains” in China and the only Chinese mountain mentioned in Buddhist scriptures. Standing at 3,058 meters above sea level, it was seen as the ______________________.9) The biggest attractions of Mount Wutai are the numerous _____________. So far there remain a total of ____________ here, ranking _______ in China.3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. 佛教____________________ b. 冥想________________c. 儒家思想________________ d. 佛寺________________11) a. 大雄寶殿________________ b. 佛經(jīng)________________c. (中國(guó)祭祀用之)香___________ d. 避暑圣地____________4. Explain the following in English.12) The Four Wonders of Mount Emei13) the Ten Schools of Chinese Buddhism5. Answer the following questions.14) What is the cornerstone of Buddhist philosophy?15) What does the doctrine of Four Noble Truths refer to?16) How did Mount Jiuhua obtain its fame?答案1. Multiple choice (choose the best answer).1) c 2) c 3) a 4) a 5) d2. Fill in the blanks.6) the Han Dynasty, the Sui and Tang7) Confucianism, Taoism8) Wutai, the “roof of northern China”9) Buddhist temples, 76 temples, first3. Translate the following terms into English.10) a. Buddhism b. meditation c. Confucianism d. Buddhist temple 11) a. the Great Buddha Hall b. Buddhist scripture c. joss stick d. summer resort4. Explain the following in English.12) The Four Wonders of Mount Emei are the “Golden Summit Sunrise”, “Sea of Clouds”, “Buddha’s Halo” and the “Holy Lamp”.