【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ey help the reader follow along and reinforce the logic. Finally, the conclusion paragraph should originally restate the thesis and the main supporting ideas. Finish with the statement that reinforces your position in a meaningful and memorable way. Never introduce new material in the conclusion. Ⅸ. Language Work1. In a time of rapid change it is essential that we remember how much of the old we cling to. In a time of quick transformation it is necessary for us to remember how many of the old ways we still adhere to.cling (on) to sb. or sth. : to hold on tightly to sb. Or sth.；be unwilling to abandon it or refuse to give it up。 bee attached to it or stick to it. The rescuers saw the survivors clinging to a raft.She clung to the hope that he was still alive.Don’t cling to the curb when you are driving.2. as opposed to: used to pare two things and show that they are different from each other而不是 . Students discuss ideas, as opposed to just copying from books. The juvenile offender’s misbehavior should be well treated, as opposed to punished. 對少年犯罪的不軌行為應(yīng)妥善處置，而不是進(jìn)行懲罰。 belong to churches, even though they attend somewhat less frequently, and they want their children to have religious instruction. They belong to particular groups of Christians, even though they attend religious services a bit less often, and they want their children to receive religious instruction.1. Americans seem to be growing conservative. Americans seem to be increasingly opposed to great or sudden changes.conservative adj. in favor of preserving the status quo and traditional values and customs, and against abrupt changes. He made a conservative guess of the floating population in Shanghai. Is it true that old people are usually more conservative than the young?2. The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, signaled a decided turn to the right insofar as political and social attitudes were concerned. The 1980 election, especially for the Senate and House of Representatives, indicated a definite change to the right in terms of the voters’ political and social attitudes.The Senate: the upper house of the lawmaking assembly in some countries, . France, the USA, and AustraliaThe House of Representatives: the assembly of elected representatives in the central government of the USA, Australia and New ZealandThe Senate and the House of Representatives make laws and decisions.insofar as: to the degree that something affects another 在……的范圍內(nèi)。到……的程度. I’ll help you insofar as I can. 我一定盡力幫助你。 We will succeed only insofar as we are prepared to sacrifice secondary objectives. 我們成就的大小只能取決于我們準(zhǔn)備犧牲多少次要目標(biāo)。insofar as sth. is concerned: used when saying what particular thing you are talking about . Insofar as money is concerned, I am always very careful. 我在錢方面一直都很小心。3. It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the breaks on, as cautious people often do after a binge. It seems as though during the 1960s and 1970s we Americans made bold efforts to escape from old restrictions and now intend to put an end to it, just as cautious people often do after excessive indulgence.jealously adv. watchfully, carefully. The publishing house is jealously protective of the copyright of all its books.break out: to escape from some place . break out of jail break out of a dilemmarestrain n. restriction, sth. That checks or controls. I sharply feel the restrains of a limited ine on the family budget. They imposed restraints on wage settlements.brake n. a device for reducing the speed of or stopping a car, bicycle, train, etc. 。 (fig.) restraint on sth. His brakes failed on a steep hill. The Government is determined to put a brake on public spending. Ignorance acts as a brake to progress.put on a brake: to make a vehicle stop or slow down by pressing a handle 剎車binge n. (inform.)time of wild eating and drinking。 excessive indulgence in anything 狂飲作樂； 無節(jié)制的狂熱行動 He went on a three –day binge. 他狂飲三天。 Business slowed down after a weeklong shopping binge.為期一周的購買熱過去后，生意變得清淡了4. We should expect to see a reaffirmation of traditional family values, sharp restrains on pornography, a return to religious and rejection of certain kinds of social legislation. We hope and feel confident that traditional family values will be reaffirmed and pornography rigorously restricted, that those who have abandoned religion will e back to it, and that some kinds of social legislation will be turned down.reaffirmation n. an act of stating sth. positively again 重申，再確認(rèn). His reaffirmation of loyalty impressed the Queen. His reaffirmation that he was ready to help touched our hearts.pornography n. describing or showing sexual acts in order to arouse sexual desires。 books, films, plays, etc. that do this 色情描寫. Many people strongly believe that pornography is dehumanizing. The government launched a prohibition campaign against pornography.legislation n. actions of making laws。 the laws made. Legislation is essential in every country. The major function of Congress is legislation.5. Patterns of courtship and marriage have changed radically. People have thoroughly changed the ways in which they date and marry.pattern n. the way in which sth. happens, moves, develops or is arranged。 excellent example. Such behavior patterns are not to be imitated. These sentences have the same grammatical pattern.courtship n. spending time together with a view to marriage。 the period of romantic relationship before marriage. They married after a brief courtship.Their long courtship ended in failure.6. Where sex was concerned, I was raised in an atmosphere of suspicion, repression and Puritanism, and although husky