【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 , etc., should be borne by the charterer. The shipowner should bear the wages and board expenses of the crew, and be responsible for seaworthiness during the period of chartering and the socaused expenses and the vessel insurance premium. (2). Time Charter 定期租船合同的主要內(nèi)容 ? 船舶：船舶的技術(shù)指標(biāo)、性能應(yīng)在合同中規(guī)定，如船級、船主、船名、船旗、船會、總噸、載貨噸、載重、載貨容積、耗油量、航速等 ? 使用限制 ? 貨物限制：船東限制租船不得裝易燃、易爆、活牲畜等 ? 航行區(qū)域限制：冰山區(qū)，敵對國 定期租船合同的主要內(nèi)容 ? 租期：由船、租方商定，有伸縮性，如半年 ?15天 ? 船舶交接：交船、還船的時間、地點 ? 租金： ? 按期支付，到期不付，船主有權(quán)解除合同 ? 船方出現(xiàn)失誤，并導(dǎo)致營業(yè)出現(xiàn)中斷 24小時以上，承租人有權(quán)停止租金，若租金已付，可按比例扣除 ? 轉(zhuǎn)船：一般在合同中規(guī)定“可以轉(zhuǎn)船” (3). Demise charter Demise charter, is also called bareboat charter, the charterer takes a lease of the entire ship for an agreed time. So demise charter belongs to time charter, but there are some differences: as to time charter, during the period of chartering, the shipowner provides the charterer with a crew, while as to bareboat charter, the shipowner only provides the charterer with a bareboat, the charterer shall employ the crew and pay the crew’s wages and provisions, ship’s maintenance and stores etc. by himself, apart from those expenses he is responsible for under the time charter. (4). Charter party The charter party is a contract concluded between the shipowner and the charterer when the latter charters the ship or booking shipping space from the former. It stipulates the rights and obligations of the two parties. The main terms on the charter party include the interested parties, name and flag of the ship, description and quantity of the shipments, time of chartering, freight, loading and unloading expenses, time limit of loading and unloading, demurrage and dispatch money. 2) Liner/Regular Shipping Liner A liner is a vessel with regular sailing and arrival on a stated schedule between a group of specific ports. The main features of liners usually include: a. The liner has a regular line, port, timetable and paratively fixed freight， which is the basic features of liners b. The shipowner usually leases part of shipping space instead of the whole ship. c. The carrier is responsible for loading and unloading operations, ., Gross Terms. d. The B/L drawn by the shipping pany is the shipping contract between the carrier and the consignor. The rights and obligations of the carrier and the consignor are based on the B/L drawn by the shipping pany. Freight is the remuneration payable to the carrier for the carriage of goods. The freight paid for the carriage by a liner differs in the way of calculating from that paid under a charter party. Freight = Fb + ∑S FbBasic freight Ssurcharge 3) Freight of liners 海運船舶的經(jīng)營方式－班輪 ? 班輪運輸?shù)奶攸c ? 船期表經(jīng)常分送客貨以招攬貨載，并在專業(yè)報紙或刊物上登載船期表 ? 承運人以公共承運人身份攬貨，其服務(wù)對象為大眾托運人。 ? 運費表對外公開，受政府監(jiān)管與認可，不得隨意變更。 ? 各航線多有航運公會的組織，船公司可加入公會成為會員，接受公會所訂運價及貨運規(guī)則，也可不參加。 ? 為便于管理船舶、控制船期、承攬貨載，有一定的規(guī)模和組織，并在固定航線的港口設(shè)立分支機構(gòu)或委托長期性的代理行，有的甚至有專用碼頭及倉庫等。 班輪運輸?shù)奶攸c ? “一負責(zé)”－運送責(zé)任區(qū)間為 from tackle to tackle，貨柜運輸時是 from terminal to terminal，船方管裝卸、理貨、丈量等，故運費中包含裝卸費。 ? 船貨雙方的權(quán)利、義務(wù)和責(zé)任以船公司簽發(fā)的提單條款為準(zhǔn)。 ? 班輪承運貨物的品種、數(shù)量靈活（只要有艙位，就可運輸），運輸質(zhì)量較好，一般在碼頭倉庫交接貨物，貨主較便利。 ? “四定” :船期表、航線、港口、費率 ? 托運人可直接向承運人洽運，也可通過貨運代理接洽托運。 海運船舶的經(jīng)營方式－班輪 ? 班輪的運費： ? 按照班輪運價表計收。不同船公司或班輪公會的運價表不同。 ? 貨方運價表：由常年有較大運輸量的貨主決定； ? 雙邊協(xié)商： OPEN 海運船舶的經(jīng)營方式－班輪 ? 運費的計收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： ? 1 重量噸 Weight Ton “W” ? 2 尺碼噸 Measurement Ton “M” ? 3 毛重或體積 “ W/M” ? 4 從價 “ .” or “Ad. Val”FOB ? 5 三者選最高 “ W/M or ad val.” ? 6 二者選最高加從價 “ W/M plus ad val.” ? 7 按件 per head, per unit 海運船舶的經(jīng)營方式－班輪 ? 附加費用 ? 超重附加費 extra charges on heavy lifts：貨物單件超過 5公噸 ? 超長附加費 extra charges on over lengths：貨物單件超過 9米 ? 直航附加費 extra charges on direct：停泊于非基本港，運量達到或超過1000運費噸 ? 燃油附加費： BAF，占總成本 15% ? 選卸附加費 extra charges on optional discharging port： ? 轉(zhuǎn)船附加費 transhipment additional： ? 港口附加費 port additional： ? 變更目的港附加費： ? 貨幣貶值附加費： ? 繞航附加費： 海運船舶的經(jīng)營方式－班輪 ? 班輪運價表的結(jié)構(gòu) ? 說明及規(guī)定 ? 商品表 ? 單項費率 ? 等級費率 ? 航線費率表 ? 附加費率表 ? 冷藏貨或活牲畜費率表 ? 班輪運費的計算 ? 先根據(jù)貨物的英文名稱在貨物分級表中查出該貨物屬于什么等級和按什么計費標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ? 根據(jù)貨物等級和計費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在航線費率表中查出貨物的基本運費費率 ? 查出貨物本身所經(jīng)航線和港口的有關(guān)附加費 ? 貨物的基本費率和附加費率之和是貨物每一運費噸的單價 ? 以該貨物的計費重量噸或尺碼噸乘以單價，即得出運費總量。 liner ship business ship charter demise charter marine transportation business voyage charter time charter characteristics and functions obligations of consignment liner consortia characteristics of ship leasing ways of ship chartering charter party Railway is capable of attaining relatively high speeds with large quantities and is , safe, at low cost, punctual, rather economical and less influence by weather. Railway transport falls into 4 kinds: a. Railway transport at home。 b. Railway transport to . and Macao。 c. International railway transport between two countries。 d. International railway the rough transport. 2 Railway Transport 鐵路運輸 ? 鐵路運輸?shù)奶攸c ? 不受氣候的影響 ? 風(fēng)險相對小 ? 速度較快 ? 分類： ? 國內(nèi)鐵路運輸 ? 進出口貨物：出口貨物經(jīng)鐵路運至裝運港，進口貨物經(jīng)鐵路運至各地 ? 港澳地區(qū)：兩票運輸－國內(nèi)段運輸和港段運輸：中外運承運 ? 國際聯(lián)運 ? 國際貨約：主要西方國家 ? 國際貨協(xié)：前社會主義國家 3 Air Transport The air transport can be divided into the following kinds: a. Scheduled airliner班機運輸 b. Charted carrier包機運輸 c. Consolidation集中托運 d. Air express急件運送 Airway Bill Airway Bill has the following features: ? a. It is a transport contract signed between the consignor/shipper and the carrier/ airline. ? b. It is a receipt from the airline acknowledging the receipt of the consignment from the shipper. ? c. The air waybill is an internationally standardized document mostly printed in English and in the official language of the country of departure, which facilitates the oncarriage of goods going through 2 to 3 airlines in differ