【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 thing， none， the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c. 先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，：This is the same bike that I 。d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that， ：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the 。e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？ be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。5)關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：a. 先行詞為that， those時(shí)，用which， ：What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？，一般用which，：This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which， ：Tom came back，which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。二、關(guān)系副詞的用法1. when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如：This was the time when he 。2. where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：This is the place where he 。3. why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。4. as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句1) as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。As we all know, he never smokes.2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。3) 非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預(yù)料等時(shí)。She succeeded in her doing the research work, as we expected.4) the same……as。 such……as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.自我測試：1. Is this the river _____I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one2. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it3. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it4. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree5. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A. that B. it C. which 6. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate.A. who’s B. whose C. that D. of which.7. I love places ______the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who8. The world ______ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in參考答案： 15 BCACA 68 BCD專題2. 插入語在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，插入語是一個(gè)比較重要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。由于插入語是一種獨(dú)立成分，通常與句中其他成分沒有語法上的關(guān)系，許多同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)過程中會(huì)有一定的困難。其實(shí)，插入語大都是對一句話進(jìn)行附加說明或解釋，通常由一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與句子隔開。下面舉例歸納插入語的幾種用法。例1. _____ the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally解析：本題答案為C. generally speaking為分詞短語，意思是“一般來說”，在句中用作插入語。小結(jié)：許多分詞短語可以用作插入語，這樣的分詞短語有：strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格地說)，generally considering(一般認(rèn)為)， judging from……(根據(jù)……判斷)等。例2. Two middleaged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally解析：本題答案為C. unfortunately為副詞，意思是“令人遺憾地，不巧，可惜”，在句中用作插入語。小結(jié)：常用作插入語的副詞或副詞短語有：indeed(的確)，surely(無疑)，however(然而)，frankly(坦率地說)，obviously(顯然)，naturally(天然地)，luckily (happily) for sb.(算某人幸運(yùn))，fortunately(幸好)，strangely(奇怪)，briefly(簡單地說)等。例3. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard, _____，you failed.A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time解析：本題答案C. in other words為介詞短語，意思是“換句話說”，作插入語。小結(jié)：常用作插入語的介詞短語有：in conclusion(總之)，in a word(簡而言之)，in short(簡而言之)，in general(一般說來)，in a sense(在某種意義上)，in my view(在我看來)，in his opinion(按照他的看法)，in fact(事實(shí)上)，at first(首先)， in addition(此外)，of course(當(dāng)然)，to my surprise，to her regret(使她遺憾的)，for example等。例4 It is so nice to hear from ，we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What‘s more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not解析：答案D. believe it or not為一分句，意思是“信不信由你”，在句中作插入語。小結(jié)：用簡短的句子結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語，它們常置于句中或句末。這類簡短的句子有：I am sure(我可以肯定地說)，I believe(我相信)，do you know(你知道嗎)，you see(你明白)，I’m afraid(恐怕)，it is said(據(jù)說)，I suppose(我想)，what’s more(而且)，what’s worse(更糟糕的是)，that is(也就是說)，what’s important(重要的是)等。例5 _____ with you，I have no money to spare. A. To be frank B. What’s more C. In addition D. However解析：答案為A. to be frank為不定式短語，意思是“坦率地說”，在句中作插入語。小結(jié)：常用作插入語的不定式短語有：to be sure(無疑地)，to sum up(概括地說)，to tell the truth(老實(shí)說)等。例6 _____， he should have done such a thing.A. Speaking general B. Strange to say C. Luckily D. Of course解析：答案為B. strange to say為形容詞短語，意思是“說也奇怪”，在句中作插入語。小結(jié)：常用作插入語的形容詞或其短語有：true(真的)，funny(真可笑)，needless to say(不用說)，most important of all，worse still(更糟糕的)，even better(更好)等。試題設(shè)計(jì)：1. _____， he often forgot to turn off the lights. A. Even better B. Strange C. However D. Fortunately2. Greenland，_____ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest3. An awful accident_____，however，occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to4. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise，she ______ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said5. Boris has brains. In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest6. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_____，of course，made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which7. _____ the general state of his health，it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given8. _____，success results from hard work.A. Worse still B. Sure enough C. To sum up D. What’s worse9. As I know，there is _____ car in this neighborhood.A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a10. He made another wonderful discovery， _____ of great importance to science.A. which I think i