【正文】 eavy box. 這類詞常為waste/ succeed / difficulty/ trouble/ keep/ prevent等。 3. 省略不定式符號(hào)to。不定式作動(dòng)詞make /let以及感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)要省略to，但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不能省略。例如：The boss made the workers work all day and all night. The workers were made to work all day and all night. 在密切聯(lián)系的語(yǔ)境中，為避免重復(fù)，作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式只保留to。例如： Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. —Did you invite him to the party yesterday? —Yes, I’d tried to, but he refused to. 單項(xiàng)選擇題考查的主要是狀語(yǔ)從句、不定式和問(wèn)句的省略。二、替代 替代有三種：名詞性替代、動(dòng)詞性替代和分句性替代。(一)名詞性替代常用one, it, that, those, the same和人稱代詞或物主代詞。例如： 1. Mr Smith gave the textbooks to all the pupils except the ones who had already taken them. 2. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 3. —He was nearly drowned once. —When was that? —It was in 1998 when he was in the middle school 4. The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor. 5. —Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please? —Give me the same, please.(二)動(dòng)詞性替代常用do, do so/ it /that等。例如： 1. —I told him about it. —I did, too. 2. He had promised to pay, but failed to do so (it/ that).(三)分句式替代常用so, not。例如： 1. He hopes he’ll win and I hope so too. 2. —Will it rain today? —I believe not. (= I don’t think so.) so用于替代賓語(yǔ)從句的分句，表示說(shuō)話者贊同前述事實(shí)，表示看法、意見(jiàn)等的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine, guess, say, hope fear等。Think so, believe so, expect so等變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问接袃煞N途徑：1)用動(dòng)詞的否定形式；2)用not代替so。但be afraid so, fear so, hope so等變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问街挥玫?種方法。 與so有關(guān)的兩個(gè)句型： 1. 表示說(shuō)話者贊同前述事實(shí)：So + 主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。例如： —It was cold yesterday. —So it was. 2. 表示前述情況也適用于另一主語(yǔ)的句型：a)通用句型：So it is (was) with + 另一主語(yǔ)。b)只用于肯定情況的句型：So + 連系動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+另一主語(yǔ)；否定情況則使用：Neither (Nor) +連系動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+另一主語(yǔ)。例如： He is a farmer. So it is with his brother. (= So is his brother.) I enjoyed the book and so did my wife. (= So it was with my wife.) She didn’t e. Neither / Nor did her sister. (= So it was with her sister.)三、省略和替代在高考命題中的應(yīng)用(一)高考命題中兩者考查以單項(xiàng)選擇題的形式出現(xiàn) 1. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 2. The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. don’t 3. —I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? —Not at all, ______. A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to 4. He is at least as tall as his brother, if not ______. A. tall B. taller C. so tall D. the taller 5. _____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received 6. —Why don’t we take a little break?—Didn’t we just have _______. A. it B. that C. one D. this 7. The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 8. Few pleasures can equal _____ of cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 9. If you go to the cinema tonight, _____.A. I also go B. So do I C. So will I D. So I will分析：1—5 DADBC，考查省略。1. 考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，關(guān)鍵詞為once；3. 動(dòng)詞不定式中心詞省略，但須保留標(biāo)志to，否定前加not；4. 從句還原為“if (he is ) not taller (than his brother)”，習(xí)慣上可省去括號(hào)中的部分；5. 虛擬條件句中省略if時(shí)，從句要倒裝。6—9CBCC，考查替代。6. one代替a little break；7. it代替上文a new house；8. that代替the pleasure；9. 在if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。專題5. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子的其它部分”。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為sb.，且在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用who，也可用that，其它情況一律用that。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)人稱與數(shù)保持一致。如： It is I who am to blame. It was in Greece that Olympic petitions first started. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，去掉It is/was...that/who后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整正確，句意仍明確全面。 二、強(qiáng)調(diào)成分強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。如: It was the two girls that the teacher praised yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))It was the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you e from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)the ability to do the job，故選B。強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)。如：It was with great joy that he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home. (強(qiáng)調(diào)程度狀語(yǔ)) It was three years ago that I came to this school. (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) It was because of bad weather _____ the football match had to be put off. A. so B. so that C. why D. that 強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)because of bad weather, 故選D。 ★使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，有必要將其與下列句型區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。 我們來(lái)比較下面的句子： 1) It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，it表示時(shí)間) 2) It is for three hours that they have been back. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) It was three hours before they came back. (before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，it表示時(shí)間) It is three hours since they came back. (since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，it表示時(shí)間)對(duì)“not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，要用“It is/was not until...that...”這一固定句型。由于否定已經(jīng)前移，that后只能用肯定形式。如： It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when。 that B. until。 that C. until。 when D. when。 then 答案B。強(qiáng)調(diào)含有定語(yǔ)從句的主、賓、狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要確定好強(qiáng)調(diào)標(biāo)志“that”的位置。如： Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood? It was in the shop which was opened last month that he bought the book. It was the girl whose father worked abroad that lent me the book. Was it in 1982 when you were in college that you got to know her? 三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問(wèn)句型 Is it you who often help the old woman with her housework? Was it in her fifties that Mary began to learn Russian? Was it at a theatre that Abraham Lincoln was shot? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：Is/Was it...that/who...? Who _____ helped you work out the maths problem? A. was he B. it was who C. was it that D. it was (答案為C) How was it that they managed to finish the work in such a short time?強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞＋is/was it that...？注意在強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)句型中，強(qiáng)調(diào)標(biāo)志that/who后只能使用陳述語(yǔ)序。 比較：When was it that the Second World