dsm-ivnicotinewithdrawalandalcoholdependence…dsm-iv尼古丁戒斷酒精依賴…(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-08 07:03 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 lcholine alpha3, alpha5, beta4 receptor genes are associated with nicotine withdrawal (or comorbid nicotine withdrawal and alcohol dependence) remains to be studied in humans. Aims ? To examine the geic association between DSMIV nicotine withdrawal and alcohol dependence and the nicotinic acetylcholine alpha3, alpha5, beta4 receptor genes using family data. DSMIV Nicotine Withdrawal (APA, 1994) ? Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following: 1) 4 or more of the following: ? Depressed mood ? Insomnia ? Irritability ? Nervousness ? Difficulty concentrating ? Restlessness ? Decreased heart rate ? Increased appetite 2) Smoked cigarettes to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms. DSMIV Alcohol Dependence (APA, 1994) Three or more of the following symptoms clustering in any 12 month period: 1) Tolerance ? Need more alcohol for intoxication effects, or ? Same amount of alcohol has less of an effect 2) Withdrawal ? Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, or ? Withdrawal relief: use alcohol to avoid or relieve symptoms 3) Use alcohol more than intended 4) Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on alcohol 5) Great deal of time spent obtaining, using or recovering from alcohol 6) Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or r
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