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眼外肌麻痹的診斷思路(編輯修改稿)

2025-02-02 06:47 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 患眼對(duì)側(cè)(內(nèi)直?。? 單眼復(fù)視 眼部疾病 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)麻痹的臨床特點(diǎn) 眼瞼下垂 眼球向內(nèi)、上、下活 動(dòng)不能 交叉性復(fù)視 該側(cè)眼球外展位 瞳孔擴(kuò)大,對(duì)光和調(diào) 節(jié)反射消失。 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)麻痹的臨床特點(diǎn) 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)麻痹可以是部分性的 , 表現(xiàn)為 – 眼外肌不完全麻痹 – 眼外肌完全麻痹而眼內(nèi)肌正常 – 僅眼內(nèi)肌障礙 瞳孔散大 , 對(duì)光反射及調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)減退或消失 , 眼外肌正常 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)核性損傷常為部分性 、 雙側(cè)性 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)自核至眶上裂這一段 , 其纖維緊聚一起 , 受損時(shí)常為完全性麻痹 進(jìn)入眼眶內(nèi)后 , 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)的末梢部份分散支配各眼肌 , 因此受損時(shí)常引起不完全麻痹 動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)麻痹的常見病因 中腦缺血性病變和炎癥,常為雙側(cè)和不完全性動(dòng)眼麻痹,多伴腦干癥狀 腦疝 ——天幕疝時(shí)同側(cè)動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)麻痹 動(dòng)脈瘤 ——頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈、顱底動(dòng)脈環(huán)動(dòng)脈瘤可壓迫動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)產(chǎn)生癥狀 糖尿病 ——Ⅲ 、 Ⅳ 多見,瞳孔不影響 斜坡腫瘤 ——雙側(cè)動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)麻痹 Lesion of the third nerve Nuclear and intramedullary (fasciular) Infarction Ddmyelination Tumor Trauma Wernicke disease Lesion of the third nerve Radicular (subarachnoid space and tentorial edge) Aneurysm (posterior municating or basilar) Meningitis (infectious, neoplastic, granulomatous) Diabetic infarction Tumor Raised intracranial pressure (horizontal shift and herniation of medial temporal lobe, hydrocephalus) Lesion of the third nerve Cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure Diabetic infarction of nerve Aneurysm of internal carotid artery Carotidcavernous fistula Cavernous thrombosis (septic and bland) Tumor (pituitary,meningioma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, metastasis) Pituitary apoplexy Sphenoid sinusitis and mucocele Herpes zoster TolosaHunt syndrome Macroglobulinemiahyperviscosity Lesion of the third nerve Orbit Trauma Fungal infection (mucormycosis,etc) Tumor and granuloma Uncertain localization Migraine Postinfectious 滑車神經(jīng)麻痹的臨床特點(diǎn) 向下看困難 除上視外,各向均有復(fù)視 平視時(shí),患側(cè)眼球位置稍偏上 患眼內(nèi)收時(shí),眼球位置稍偏上 頭部歪向患側(cè)時(shí),患側(cè)眼球位置更偏上 頭部歪向?qū)?cè)肩部, 使患側(cè)眼球位置得 以改善 Lesion of the fourth nerve Nuclear and intramedullary(fascicular) Medbrain hemorrhage and infarction Tumor Arteriovenous malformation Demyelination Radicular (subarachnoid space) Tumor(pineal,meningioma,metastasis,stc) Hydrocephalus Pseudo
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