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gencies, and requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. In addition, many universities and other research institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics officer, or other official who is available to discuss situations involving research ethics. Such discussions are carried out in the strictest confidence whenever possible. Some institutions provide multiple entry points, so that plainants can go to a person with whom they feel fortable. Part Four Translation 1. 從更廣義上說,哪怕一次作偽就可能毀掉作偽的科研人員自己及其所在的科研單位名譽(yù)掃地,反過來又會(huì)導(dǎo)致出臺(tái)一些妨礙(科學(xué))發(fā)展的條令,并使公眾對(duì)科學(xué)的客觀公正失去信心。 2. 任何一起對(duì)作偽的指控都是至關(guān)重要的指控,必須嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待。若處理不當(dāng),則會(huì)嚴(yán)重傷害被指控人、指控人、相關(guān)的科研機(jī)構(gòu)、乃至整個(gè)科學(xué)界。 3. 在大學(xué)里,教工顧問、系領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和其他資深的教員可以提供寶貴意見和建議,幫你決定是否提出投訴。 4. 書面投訴一個(gè)科研人員可能會(huì)給其科學(xué)生涯帶來嚴(yán)重后果,因此必須三思而后行。 5. 這些程序考慮到對(duì)被指控人的公平 ,對(duì)指控人的保護(hù),與出資方的協(xié)調(diào),以及保密和披露信息的一些必備條件。 TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 15 points) Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese translation in the proper space on Answer Sheet II. (1) I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is rea