電大西方社會(huì)學(xué)形考作業(yè)1-4參考答案資料小抄【完整版(2)(編輯修改稿)
2025-07-12 04:43 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 3．場(chǎng)域（布迪厄） 場(chǎng)域是以各種社會(huì)關(guān)系聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)的表現(xiàn)形式多樣的社會(huì)場(chǎng)合或社會(huì)領(lǐng)域，場(chǎng)域中有社會(huì)行動(dòng)者、團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)、制度和規(guī)則等因素存在，場(chǎng)域的本質(zhì)是這些構(gòu)成要素之間的社會(huì)關(guān)系或社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 4．實(shí)踐意識(shí)（吉登斯） 實(shí)踐意識(shí)是有能力支配行為的感性意識(shí)；是介于無(wú)意識(shí)和話語(yǔ)意識(shí)之間的“只做不說(shuō)的意識(shí)”；實(shí)踐意識(shí)具有日常性和慣例性。 四、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題 10分， 2道題，共 20分） 1．丹尼 爾貝爾論述的中軸原理的方法論意義是什么？ 中軸原理具有突出的問(wèn)題意識(shí)，中軸原理提出了社會(huì)學(xué)研究的針對(duì)性和功效性。 中軸原理不追求穩(wěn)定不變的普遍性原則，而是在動(dòng)態(tài)變化中不斷概括和回答各種新問(wèn)題。不同的社會(huì)層面中有不同的中心因素或中軸原理，因此，不能用同一種因素作為解釋各種社會(huì)層面存在、變化和發(fā)展的根據(jù)。 用這種“旋轉(zhuǎn)著的中軸”研究社會(huì)問(wèn)題，可以避免用同一種因素作為解釋各種社會(huì)層面存在、變化和發(fā)展根據(jù)的機(jī)械決定論。 2．?？率侨绾握撌鰴?quán)利和知識(shí)的關(guān)系的？ ?？轮饕獜囊韵氯齻€(gè)方面論述權(quán)力和知識(shí)的關(guān)系： 其一，知識(shí)是在權(quán)力的制約中形成與發(fā)展起來(lái)的，沒(méi)有脫離權(quán)力關(guān)系的抽象知識(shí)； 其二，權(quán)力離不開知識(shí)，不僅權(quán)力在特定的知識(shí)背景和知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中形成，而且知識(shí)本身就是權(quán)力； 其三，權(quán)力同知識(shí)不可分，只有在權(quán)力與知識(shí)的聯(lián)系中才能把握權(quán)力的實(shí)質(zhì)與作用。 五、論述題（ 25分） 1．哈貝馬斯如何論述目的理性行動(dòng)和交往行動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系？其實(shí)踐意義是什么？ 哈貝馬斯把社會(huì)行動(dòng)區(qū)分為兩大類：目的理性行動(dòng)和交往行動(dòng)，并指出兩類行動(dòng)具有不同的規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)。 目的理性行動(dòng)中的規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)展開于主觀與客觀之間，亦即展開于人與物之間，而交 往行動(dòng)中的規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)則展開于主觀之間，亦即展開于人與人之間。 目的理性行動(dòng)把功利目標(biāo)、手段選擇、技術(shù)操作、價(jià)值測(cè)評(píng)和決策籌劃等因素考慮周全，并使這些因素在目的理性行動(dòng)中協(xié)調(diào)一致，這就是目的理性的規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)。 交往行動(dòng)的規(guī)范結(jié)構(gòu)要求人們?cè)诮煌邪凑照?、誠(chéng)、正、通四條原則行事（或根據(jù)交往理性行事），這也就是哈貝馬斯追求的交往行動(dòng)理性化。 哈貝馬斯觀點(diǎn)的實(shí)踐意義在于，在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，要把生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)、科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)等面對(duì)客觀事物的行動(dòng)同面對(duì)人的交往活動(dòng)區(qū)分開，不能用對(duì)待物的原則或行為方式去對(duì)待人。 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！【 China39。s 10 mustsee animations】 The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 mustsee classics from China39。s animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Let39。s recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫蘆娃 ) is a Chinese animation TV series produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state pared to the rest of the international munity. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of papercut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑貓警長(zhǎng) ) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2021, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series39。 violence, and lack of suitability for children39。s education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir and teacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero39。s real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of passion and tried his best to help poor p
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