【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 （ 3）相對貧困具有長期性。相對貧困實質(zhì)是不平等，只要社會存在不平等，就存在相對貧困，在現(xiàn)實上，不平等是常態(tài)，因而相對貧困也將普遍存在。 試論述社會保障制度的意義？ 一、在思想文化方面 （ 1）社會保障是各類公正公平思想的具體體現(xiàn)，不同的社會保障制度模式反應的是不同的社會保障公正分配的思想，社會保障制度建設(shè)也豐富了各派社會公正理論。 （ 2）社會保障的實踐加深人們對人權(quán)意識和同舟共濟思想的認識。社會保障的最初目的就是為了避免人道主義災難，是對人權(quán)的保障。同時，社會保障通過稅收和集資再分配，救助貧困、普惠福利、縮小貧富差距，是“我為人人、人人為我”的理想發(fā)揚光大。 二、在政治方面 （ 1）社會保障提升了政府的權(quán)力和責任 .社會保障一般由政府主辦，事關(guān)民生，這就意味著政府的社會權(quán)利增大，同時人民對政府改 善民生的期望也相應增大，政府的社會責任也相應增大，社會保障制度設(shè)計和執(zhí)行的水平成為政《社會保障學》期末復習資料 第 8 頁 共 10 頁 府執(zhí)政能力的重要體現(xiàn)。 （ 2）社會保障政策成為各政黨爭取民意的手段。既然社會保障關(guān)系到人們的福利，社會保障政策就成為普通百姓最關(guān)心的國家政策之一，其任何變化都會引起民眾反響。 三、在經(jīng)濟方面，社會保障既能成為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的動力，也能成為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的阻礙，關(guān)鍵是適度，符合國情，與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平相適應。 四、在社會方面，社會保障總體上社會更加穩(wěn)定，另外，社會保障制度降低了家庭的保障功能，養(yǎng)兒防老的必要性下降，對出生率和家庭解體起了推波助 瀾的作用。 《社會保障學》期末復習資料 第 9 頁 共 10 頁 請您務必刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 萬分謝謝?。。?2021 年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailand39。s Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just g etting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid vis as from that country39。s missions inBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Hong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassy39。s information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at s trengthening peopletopeople contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: We39。ve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase twoway visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2021, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2021. Bali isn39。t just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesia39。s national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and four each week between Beijing and Jakarta. There are daily flights from Guangzhou, in Guangdong province, and Shanghai to Jakarta as well. It takes from six to eight hours on a nonstop flight to reach Indonesia from China. Indonesia is home to more than 17,000 islands. Tourists can tour Yogyakarta to see Prambanam and Borobudur, two historical and religious sites, and explore the local handicraft markets. The base of a volcano, Bandung, which is also kno