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圖做了。請對上述案例中的醫(yī)生的行為進(jìn)行倫理分析,并分析患兒父親的做法是否符合義務(wù)論與效果論的要求。 案例分析: 醫(yī)生根據(jù)患兒父親的請求對患兒家庭的其他人“說謊 ”是為了維護(hù)患兒家庭的和諧,這是可以理解的。但是,醫(yī)生這樣做違背了作為一個(gè)醫(yī)生應(yīng)誠實(shí)的美德。比較恰當(dāng)?shù)淖鞣ㄊ轻t(yī)生不要介入患兒家庭內(nèi)部的事,讓家人自己商量決定 某藥廠請求某醫(yī)院腫瘤科對某種藥物進(jìn)行三期臨床觀察試驗(yàn),該藥物主要是通過對機(jī)體免疫功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用而抑制腫瘤的生長。根據(jù)藥物臨床觀察試驗(yàn)的要求,選擇受試者 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一是確診實(shí)體腫瘤并停用抗腫瘤治療 3 個(gè)月的患者。請你對這個(gè)三期臨床觀察試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),即選擇受試者的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否合理,并說明它存在什么倫理問題? 案例分析:藥物的 III 期臨床試驗(yàn)是在 II 期臨床試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,擴(kuò)大試驗(yàn)的人數(shù),其目的是在藥物療效初步肯定后進(jìn)一步收集藥物有效性的證據(jù),確定藥物的適應(yīng)癥和藥物相關(guān)的不良反應(yīng)。該案例中的藥物 III 期臨床試驗(yàn)是一種抗腫瘤的藥物,根據(jù)藥物臨床試驗(yàn)的要求必須確認(rèn)實(shí)體腫瘤并停用抗腫瘤治療 3個(gè)月的患者才能作為受試者。根據(jù)通常的做法,確認(rèn)實(shí)體腫瘤后首選手術(shù)治療,有些病人在術(shù)前、后 還要進(jìn)行抗腫瘤的藥物治療。除非 II 期藥物臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明這種試驗(yàn)藥物優(yōu)于目前的手術(shù)和藥物治療( 4分),否則為了藥物臨床 III 期試驗(yàn)讓受試者暫停手術(shù)或手術(shù)加藥物治療或單純藥物治療都是不合理的,因?yàn)樗`背了將受試者利益放在首位的倫理原則 。 患者陳某,男, 19 歲,大二學(xué)生。他到醫(yī)院泌尿科就診,請求為他進(jìn)行輸精管扎結(jié)術(shù),并說這是經(jīng)仔細(xì)考慮后決定的,而且還在當(dāng)?shù)氐木訋炝粝铝司樱虼嗽敢獬袚?dān)以后萬一后悔想改變初衷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。醫(yī)生聽后非常震驚,拒絕為其進(jìn)行手術(shù),并解釋:你年紀(jì)很輕又沒有結(jié)婚,以后可能要后悔的?;颊邔︶t(yī) 生的拒絕極為不滿。 醫(yī)生未能滿足患者的要求是否道德?為什么? 答:醫(yī)生未能滿足患者的要求是道德的。 因?yàn)榻^育是用手術(shù)終止男性或女性的生育能力。絕育的目的在于保證人口質(zhì)量、控制人口數(shù)量、治療某些疾病。絕育術(shù)直接關(guān)系到受術(shù)者切身利益和身體健康,也關(guān)系到國家計(jì)劃生育政策的嚴(yán)肅性。因此,保證受術(shù)者的安全是頭等重要的事情。但對未成年人不得實(shí)施絕育術(shù)。實(shí)施絕育應(yīng)得到本人和配偶的知情同意,按照程序自愿進(jìn)行。 Foreigners flock to China39。s 39。porcelain capital39。 Preserving the ancient traditions Foreigners flock to China39。s 39。porcelain capital39。 Jingdezhen raises porcelain standard City39。s long history of fine ceramics lures followers from across the world, report Peng Yining and Hu Kaiyong in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province. Dressed in paintstained coveralls, China De La Vega easily navigated the maze of alleyways running alongside a ceramics factory in Jingdezhen, Jiangx i province. The 31yearold Australian potter and painter wound her way through armies of onemeterhigh ceramic Buddhas and piles of porcelain shards while nodding greetings to the workers and residents. She said the locals are used to seeing foreigners in Jingdezhen, China39。s porcelain capital, where fine ceramics have been produced for more than 1,700 years, attracting numerous porcelain pilgrims from across the globe. Unlike huge Chinese metropolises such as Beijing and Shanghai, Jingdezhen is a prefecturelevel city with no bar streets or international stores that are popular among expatriates. But despite its lack of Western chain stores, Jingdezhen is one of the most international cities in inland China, with ceramic studios owned by foreigners dotting the streets, the surrounding countryside and even remote mountaintops. When she first visited the city in 2021, De La Vega was impressed by the discarded pieces of porcelain she found lying around. I dug out many pieces from the soil around the ceramics works all the old Buddha heads, hands and feet, which I rebuilt into new sculptures and used in my next exhibition in Australia, she said. I love this place because the process of making ceramics is a very peaceful one. Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree