【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 y begins with a topic statement, and then, a series of subdivisions of that topic, each supported by examples and illustrations, to develop that central idea and relate that idea to other ideas in the whole essay, and to employ that idea to prove something, or perhaps, to argue something. Robert B. Kaplan 英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的語(yǔ)段通常以主題句開(kāi)始，后接分支部分，每部分都有例證和解釋，以闡發(fā)中心思想，并使這一語(yǔ)段中心思想與全文的其它思想相關(guān)聯(lián)，以此來(lái)論證某一觀點(diǎn)或提出某一觀點(diǎn)。 Robert B. Kaplan Topic Subtopic Subtopic Subtopic Examples Illustrations Examples Illustrations Examples Illustrations Topic Subtopic Subtopic Subtopic Examples Illustrations Examples Illustrations Examples Illustrations Summary Summary Summary Conclusion Robert B. Kaplan Some oriental writing is marked by what may be called an approach by indirection. In this kind of writing, the development of the paragraph may be said to be turning and turning in a widening gyre. The circles or gyres turn around the subject and show it from a variety of tangential views, but the subject is never looked at directly. Robert B. Kaplan 東方人寫(xiě)的文章具有間接入題的特點(diǎn)，可以說(shuō)，這種文章語(yǔ)段的展開(kāi)，就像一個(gè)不斷擴(kuò)展的環(huán)在圍繞著主題旋轉(zhuǎn)，通過(guò)外圍的觀點(diǎn)展示主題，卻從不直接入題。 你是彩虹，認(rèn)為天空偉大，但因你的點(diǎn)綴，太空才如此絢麗。題記一只小老鼠羨慕太陽(yáng)光芒萬(wàn)丈的偉大，敬佩云朵遮住陽(yáng)光的偉大，仰慕風(fēng)吹散云的偉大，卻忽視了自己鉆過(guò)墻，也是一種偉大。這只小老鼠缺少了自信。 《 談自信 》 Faith is the confident belief or trust in the truth or trustworthiness of a person, concept or thing. On Faith The Eightpart Essay The eightpart essay is a kind of stereotyped writing, focusing on the form but lacking in content. The eight parts consist of 4 pairs of parallel or antithetical writings, cycling around the topic and not approaching the central idea directly. 八股文 八股文分為破題、承題、起講、入手、起股、中股、后股、束股、落下等組成部分。在起股、中股、后股、束股 4個(gè)部分，各有兩股互相對(duì)應(yīng)的文字，共有八股。八股也稱八比，比是對(duì)偶的意思。 Western medicine, examine parts of the body through tests, Xrays, NMR, etc. 西醫(yī)看病，先給病人胸透、胃透、驗(yàn)血、驗(yàn)?zāi)?、核磁共振，分而檢之，再作診斷。 Chinese medicine, general physical condition, pulse, plexion, tongue coating 中醫(yī)看病，望、聞、問(wèn)、切，注意的是全身性的綜合癥狀 。 Western cuisine strictlyfollowed recipe, precise quantity of ingredients regular, established procedure 西餐廚師烹飪，各種配料嚴(yán)格計(jì)量，操作程序步步分清。 Chinese cuisine casual mixing of ingredients more attention to the general effect of color, aroma and taste 中餐廚師并不在意配料的嚴(yán)格計(jì)量，而是注重色、香、味的總體效果。 Western painting accurate onebyone likeness in appearance with emphasis on details: lines, shades of color, light spectrum … Chinese Painting fuzzy resemblance in spirit or essence with emphasis on general effect by using imagination, exaggeration … Western painting 西方油畫(huà)注重一一對(duì)應(yīng)的精確形似，通過(guò)線條、色彩、光線等細(xì)節(jié)刻意仿真。 Chinese Painting 中國(guó)畫(huà)追求總體模糊神似，運(yùn)用概括、夸張的手法及豐富的聯(lián)想表現(xiàn)物象的神韻。 Intuitive 直覺(jué) Logical 邏輯 2 Intuitive 直覺(jué) Logical 邏輯 Debate was prominent in ancient Greece, and logic was invented. Logic is applied by stripping away the meaning of statements and leaving only their formal structure intact. This makes it easier to see whether an argument is valid or not. Intuition es from experience, practice and the ?6th sense‘. It is experience translated by wisdom. Intuitive thinking is nonlinear, like a spark emerging in the maze of illusions. It is the major way by which ancient Chinese saints perceived the world. Intuitive 直覺(jué) Logical 邏輯 辯論風(fēng)行于古代希臘，于是邏輯學(xué)問(wèn)世。運(yùn)用邏輯，就是剝?nèi)フf(shuō)話的意義，而只留下完整的形式結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣就比較容易看清某一論點(diǎn)是否成立。 直覺(jué)來(lái)