【正文】 Logical 邏輯性 Imaginal 形象性 Abstract 抽象性 Ethical 倫理型 Cognitive 認(rèn)知型 Fuzzy 模糊性 Accurate 精確性 Intentional 意向性 Objective 對(duì)象性 Convergent 求同性 Divergent 求異性 Pastfocused 后饋性 Futurefocused 前瞻性 Inward 內(nèi)向性 Outward 外向性 Inductive 歸納型 Deductive 演繹型 Chinese Mode Western Mode Holistic 整體性 Analytical 分析性 Intuitive 直覺性 Logical 邏輯性 Imaginal 形象性 Abstract 抽象性 Ethical 倫理型 Cognitive 認(rèn)知型 Fuzzy 模糊性 Accurate 精確性 Intentional 意向性 Objective 對(duì)象性 Convergent 求同性 Divergent 求異性 Pastfocused 后饋性 Futurefocused 前瞻性 Inward 內(nèi)向性 Outward 外向性 Inductive 歸納型 Deductive 演繹型 Holistic 整體 Analytical 分析 1 Nisbett‘s Test Richard E. Nisbett What have you seen in the picture below? What have you seen in the picture ? Most American Students: (%, May 27, 2021) Six tigers frolicking Tigers playing around Tigers skipping about Gamboling tigers Tigers fighting Tigers attacking each other Tigers hunting for food Most Chinese Students: (%, April 17, 2021) Six tigers, Mountains, rocks Waterfalls, A stream, Pines and other trees Grass Autograph and seal Holistic 整體 Holistic thinking involves an orientation to the context or field as a whole, including attention to relationships between a focal object and the field, and a prefer ence for explaining and predicting events on the basis of such relationships. Nisbett （ 2021） Analytical 分析 Analytical thinking involves detachment of the object from its context, a tendency to focus on attributes of the object in order to assign it to c a t e g o r i e s , a n d a preference for using rules about the categories to explain and predict the object‘s b e h a v i o r . Holistic 整體 Analytical 分析 分析思維傾向于把物體從其情境中 分離 出來，關(guān)注該物體性質(zhì)以便于 歸類 ，并注重運(yùn)用歸類的規(guī)則來解釋和預(yù)見事物的情狀。 整體思維傾向于把情境或場(chǎng)看作是一個(gè) 整體 ，注重某一突出的物體及其場(chǎng)的 關(guān)系 ，并憑借這種關(guān)系來解釋和預(yù)見事物的情狀。 Holistic 整體 Analytical 分析 Westerners tend to be analytical and pay more attention to the key, or focal objects in a scene — for example, concentration on the woman in the ―Mona Lisa‖, as opposed to the rocks and sky behind her. Chinese, by contrast, tend to be holistic. They look at the whole picture and rely on contextual information when making decisions and judgments about what they see. Holistic 整體 Analytical 分析 西方人傾向于分析思維，更多地關(guān)注某一場(chǎng)景中的主要或突出物體，例如在“蒙娜麗莎”這幅畫中，關(guān)注畫中的人而非她身后的巖石與天空。 中國(guó)人傾向整體思維，他們往往觀察整個(gè)畫面，并依靠在情景中所獲得的信息對(duì)所觀察事物作出決定和判斷。 Western Encyclopedia arranged by classification Animals, plants, objects are divided, subdivided … 西方的百科全書層層切分，種類歸屬分明。 Classification Units of Plants and Animals: kingdom, division, class, order, family, genus, species 界、門、綱、目、科、屬、種 Chinese Leishu A collection of political, social and ethical data arranged circularly in an emperorcentered fashion. 中國(guó)古代類書是以皇帝為中心的環(huán)式體例。 唐代 《 藝文類聚 》 、宋代 《 太平御覽 》 、 明代 《 永樂大典 》 、清代 《 古今圖書集成 》 Western Articles Clear division in the anization of articles title, subtitle, chapters, sections, paragraphs, topic sentences 西方文章，標(biāo)題、章、節(jié)、段細(xì)分明切，段中一般都有主題句，脈路清晰，一目了然。 Chinese Articles 起承轉(zhuǎn)合 : Introduction, elucidation, transition and summingup 著眼點(diǎn)： 首尾呼應(yīng)，通篇的過渡自然及和諧一致。 Unity, harmony, transition and correspondence are given much attention. An English expository paragraph usuall