正式文體與非正式文體(編輯修改稿)
2025-06-20 00:24 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 refused to listen to our arguments. ? (五 ) 在構(gòu)成表示 目的 的狀語(yǔ)時(shí) ， 用 so as to 一般具有非正式文體色彩 。 用 in order to 則顯得正式些 。 而用 in order that … 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句則常出現(xiàn)于正式文體中 : ? ? INFORMAL: He left early so as not to miss ? the train. ? FORMAL: He left early in order not to miss ? the train. ? FORMAL: He left early in order that he ? would not miss the train. ? (六 )在構(gòu)成 問(wèn)句時(shí) ， 正式文體常用完整的形式 。非正式文體則可用省略形式 ， 也可用陳述句形式 (這時(shí)需借用語(yǔ)調(diào)或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) )。以疑問(wèn)代詞主格開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句多見(jiàn)于正式文體 ， 以疑問(wèn)代詞賓格開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句多見(jiàn)于非正式文體 。問(wèn)句中的介詞置于句首時(shí)是正式文體 ， 置于句末時(shí)是非正式文體 。 如 : ? FORMAL: When are you going to do it? ? INFORMAL: When? ? FORMAL: Whom are you talking about? ? INFORMAL: Who are you talking about? ? FORMAL: With what did you write it? ? INFORMAL: What did you write it with? ? (七 )在表示 虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí) ， 正式文體與非正式文體的差異十分明顯 。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: If he was my friend, I would ask ? him for help. ? FORMAL: If he were my friend, I would ask him ? for help. ? INFORMAL: If it was to rain tomorrow, I would ? not go there. ? FORMAL: If it were to rain tomorrow, I should ? not go there. ? INFORMAL: I wish I was ten years younger. ? FORMAL: I wish I were ten years younger. ? INFORMAL: If I had known, I would have ? told you earlier. ? FORMAL: Had I known before, I would ? have told you earlier. ? INFORMAL: He looks as if he was (is) ill. ? FORMAL: He looks as if he were ill. ? (八 ) 由引導(dǎo)詞 it 起始的句子 (如 it is said that … ) 多見(jiàn)于正式文體 。 不用這一結(jié)構(gòu)而表達(dá)同一意義的句子多見(jiàn)于非正式文體 : ? INFFORMAL: The number of books in the ? library has been going down. ? FORMAL: It has been noted with concern that the ? stock of books in the library has ? been declining alarmingly. ? (九 ) 在表達(dá) “ 請(qǐng)求某人做某事 ” 時(shí) ， ? 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式多具有正式文體色彩 。 使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式則具有非正式文體色彩 . 如 : ? INFORMAL: Please gather at the gate of ? the school. ? FORMAL: The students are requested to ? gather at the gate of the schoo1. ? (十 )正式文體和非正式文體的差別還表現(xiàn)在某些 不定代詞的用法 、 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及句子的主謂一致 等方面 。 例如 ， ? INFORMAL: Everybody should look after ? themselves. ? FORMAL: Everybody should look after ? himself. ? INFORMAL: Everyone should do their best. ? INFORMAL: Everyone should do their best. ? FORMAL: Everyone should do his best. ? INFORMAL: I39。m surprised at John(him ) making ? the mistake. ? FORMAL: I39。m surprised at John (his) making ? the mistake. ? INFORMAL: There39。s two patients waiting outside. ? FORMAL: Two patients are waiting outside. ? (十一 )簡(jiǎn)潔 是現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)之一 。但一般說(shuō)來(lái) ， 省略關(guān)系代詞 、 連詞 、 介詞等情況多見(jiàn)于非正式文體 。 如 : ? INFORMAL: I took no notice of him so he ? flew into a rage. ? FORMAL: I took no notice of him so that ? he flew into a rage. ? INFORMAL: She cooks turkey the way
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