正式文體與非正式文體-在線瀏覽
2025-07-18 00:24本頁面
【正文】 phony. ? (2) They ended the concert with Beethoven39。 句 (2)的 end 是古英語詞匯成分 ， 用于非正式文體 。 句 (4)中的 1ook into 是古英語詞匯成分 ， 屬非正式文體用語 。 其相應(yīng)的非縮略或非縮約形式則常出現(xiàn)在正式文體中 : ? INFORMAL FORMAL INFORMAL FORMAL ? ad advertisement shouldn39。t cannot ? photo photograph won39。s there is ? sub substitute don39。s it is ? paper newspaper I39。re they are ? ’phone ? He said, “I’m a teacher.” ? 由于縮略詞常用于非正式文體中，所以在不同的使用范圍內(nèi)，一個縮略詞可能有幾個不同的含義，如 rep 還可指 reporter， reputation， repertory等 。 ? 非正式文體較多地使用短語動詞 。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: The criminals finally turned ? themselves in. ? FORMAL: The criminals finally surrendered. ? INFORMAL: I can39。 這里僅扼要列舉幾點(diǎn) : ? (一 )在構(gòu)成比較句型時 ， 使用人稱代詞的主格形式比使用其賓格形 ? 式更顯得正式些 ， ? INFORMAL: Bill speaks French more ? fluently than me. ? FORMAL : Bill speaks French more ? fluently than I. ? (二 )在表達(dá) “ 讓步 ” 概念時 ， 正式文體常使用 yet, however， nevertheless, in spite of (despite), notwithstanding 等詞語 。 ? INFORMAL: A wolf， after all， is a wolf though ? it has artful disguises. ? FORMAL: A wolf after all, is a wolf in spite of ? (despite) its artful disguises. ? INFORMAL: He tried to prevent the marriage but ? it took place all the same. ? FORMA L: He endeavoured to prevent the ? marriage。 ? 而正式文體則常借用由 介詞和與該副詞同根的詞構(gòu)成的介詞短語 ， ? INFORMAL: He spoke confidently. ? FORMAI: He spoke in a confident ? manner. ? FORMAL : He spoke with confidence. ? (四 )在表達(dá) “ 原因 ” 、 “ 后果 ” 等概念時 ， 正式文體 常用 on account of, accordingly, thus, hence, consequently, owing to (the fact that) 等詞或詞組 ， 且比較經(jīng)常地運(yùn)用分詞短語 、 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等 。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: Since the weather had ? improved, we decided to go ? swimming. ? FORMAL: The weather having improved, ? we decided to go swimming. ? INFORMAL: As he was a man affixed ? views, he refused to listen to ? our arguments. ? FORMAL: Being a man affixed views, he ? refused to listen to our arguments. ? (五 ) 在構(gòu)成表示 目的 的狀語時 ， 用 so as to 一般具有非正式文體色彩 。 而用 in order that … 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句則常出現(xiàn)于正式文體中 : ? ? INFORMAL: He left early so as not to miss ? the train. ? FORMAL: He left early in order not to miss ? the train. ? FORMAL: He left early in order that he ? would not miss the train. ? (六 )在構(gòu)成 問句時 ， 正式文體常用完整的形式 。以疑問代詞主格開頭的問句多見于正式文體 ， 以疑問代詞賓格開頭的問句多見于非正式文體 。 如 : ? FORMAL: When are you going to do it? ? INFORMAL: When? ? FORMAL: Whom are you talking about? ? INFORMAL: Who are you talking about? ? FORMAL: With what did you write it? ? INFORMAL: What did you write it with? ? (七 )在表示 虛擬語氣時 ， 正式文體與非正式文體的差異十分明顯 。 不用這一結(jié)構(gòu)而表達(dá)同一意義的句子多見于非正式文體 : ? INFFORMAL: The number of
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