正式文體與非正式文體-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 或非縮約形式則常出現(xiàn)在正式文體中 : ? INFORMAL FORMAL INFORMAL FORMAL ? ad advertisement shouldn39。s there is ? sub substitute don39。re they are ? ’phone ? He said, “I’m a teacher.” ? 由于縮略詞常用于非正式文體中，所以在不同的使用范圍內(nèi)，一個(gè)縮略詞可能有幾個(gè)不同的含義，如 rep 還可指 reporter， reputation， repertory等 。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: The criminals finally turned ? themselves in. ? FORMAL: The criminals finally surrendered. ? INFORMAL: I can39。 ? INFORMAL: A wolf， after all， is a wolf though ? it has artful disguises. ? FORMAL: A wolf after all, is a wolf in spite of ? (despite) its artful disguises. ? INFORMAL: He tried to prevent the marriage but ? it took place all the same. ? FORMA L: He endeavoured to prevent the ? marriage。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: Since the weather had ? improved, we decided to go ? swimming. ? FORMAL: The weather having improved, ? we decided to go swimming. ? INFORMAL: As he was a man affixed ? views, he refused to listen to ? our arguments. ? FORMAL: Being a man affixed views, he ? refused to listen to our arguments. ? (五 ) 在構(gòu)成表示 目的 的狀語(yǔ)時(shí) ， 用 so as to 一般具有非正式文體色彩 。以疑問(wèn)代詞主格開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句多見(jiàn)于正式文體 ， 以疑問(wèn)代詞賓格開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句多見(jiàn)于非正式文體 。 不用這一結(jié)構(gòu)而表達(dá)同一意義的句子多見(jiàn)于非正式文體 : ? INFFORMAL: The number of books in the ? library has been going down. ? FORMAL: It has been noted with concern that the ? stock of books in the library has ? been declining alarmingly. ? (九 ) 在表達(dá) “ 請(qǐng)求某人做某事 ” 時(shí) ， ? 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式多具有正式文體色彩 。m surprised at John (his) making ? the mistake. ? INFORMAL: There39。見(jiàn)面時(shí)用 Good morning (afternoon, evening)， How are you? How do you do? 等用語(yǔ)要比用 Hi 顯得正式些 。 公共場(chǎng)所常有 請(qǐng)勿隨地吐痰 的 告 示 ， 假 如 譯為 :Expectoration Is Forbidden!， 那么不僅會(huì)使人感到難懂 ， 而且其 書(shū)生氣息 往往會(huì)令人發(fā)笑 。t fet that the library is for everyone39。 所謂 “ 正式 ” 或 “ 非正式 ” 的程度也是相比較而言的 。但仔細(xì)分析一下，我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn) : 與 astute 相比， perceptive 又顯得不那么正式 。 ? 例如，在表達(dá) “ 疲勞 ” 這個(gè)概念時(shí)，我們不能說(shuō)使用 fatigued 或 exhausted 優(yōu)于使用 tired 這個(gè)詞 。 與親密的朋友閑談時(shí)則可使用 bushed 或 pooped。 除去交際場(chǎng)合這一因素之外 ， 正式文體與非正式文體的運(yùn)用還受其它因素支配 ， 其中包括交際雙方的社會(huì)身份 、交際的內(nèi)容 、 交際雙方的心理活動(dòng)等 。句 (2)則是晚輩對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩說(shuō)的 ， ? (l) Close the window， Peter. (2) Dad, could you possibly close the window? ? 社會(huì)地位低的人若請(qǐng)求社會(huì)地位高的人做某事 ， 往往使用正式的 、 客氣的文體 ，如 : ? I shall be most grateful if you would do me a favour. ? I wonder if you can help me. ? I wondered if you could help me. ? I am wondering if you can help me. ? I was wondering if you could help me. ? She is nice. ? She being nice today. ? 交際雙方如果不熟悉 ， 往往在開(kāi)始接觸時(shí)使用正式文體 。s a real jerk. ? B: You know, I39。t you happy there? ? Roberts: Oh yes. But I thought that I ? couldn39。內(nèi)容是生活性的或協(xié)商性的，一般都使用非正式文體。 ? Hampshire: Am I right in thinking—you must correct me if I39。 ? 試比較 : ? FORMAL amp。
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