【正文】 She cooks turkey in the way her ? sister does. ? INFORMAL: He prevented me going to the ? dance. ? FORMAL: He prevented me from going to the ? dance. ? (十二 )使用 呼語 (vocatives)時(shí) ， 在對(duì)方的姓名前加 Mr 或 Miss等稱呼時(shí)屬正式文體 ，直呼其名則屬非正式文體 。 這里 ， 我們不妨引用兩個(gè)內(nèi)容相同但文體色彩不同的通知 ， 供讀者進(jìn)行比較 : ? Smoking is hazardous to health. Announcement from the Librarian ? ? (1) ? It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced. ? ? (2) ? The number of books in the library has been going down. Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing, and don39。 smart 與 on the ball 則具有非正式文體色彩。 Worn out ? 在正式文體中用 fatigued 或 exhausled。 下列兩句中旬 (1)是出自長輩之口 。t you sit down, ? please? ? Roberts: Thank you very much. ? Clerk: I see that you were a manager for the ? Overton Paper Products Company. ? Roberts : Yes, I was. For seven years. ? Clerk: Weren39。 下面是美國著名語言學(xué)家 Noam Chomsky 與哲學(xué)家 Stuart Hampshire 的一段談話， 所用的語言具有明顯的正式文體色彩。了解這兩種文體的差異，能幫助我們?cè)谘哉Z交際中作到恰當(dāng)、得體。m wrong—that your studies of language have led you to the conclusion that there are certain. . . mon. . . underlying structures mon to all languages which constitute something like a universal grammar? ? Chomsky: Yes. It seems to me that the evidence available to us suggests that there must be some very deep... inborn principles, probably of a highly restrictive nature that determine how knowledge of a language emerges in an individual given the very scattered and degenerate data available to him. ? Hampshire: Your evidence is derived really from learning, the study of learning language? ? Chomsky: It seems to me that if you want to study learning in a serious way, what one really has to do is to study a sort of inputoutput situation. We have an anism of which we know nothing, we know what kind of data is available to it, we can discover that, and the first question we must then try to answer is what kind of a mental ..., structure does the anism develop when that evidence is presented to it? ? (對(duì)話中的 … 表示停頓 ) ? 交際雙方的心理狀態(tài)也是考察運(yùn)用正式文體或非正式文體的二種重要因素。t really develop further in the job. ? 對(duì)話 (1) 中的 A 和 B 是同學(xué)，彼此十分熟識(shí)，談話很隨便 。雙方若很熟悉 ， 則使用非正式文體 ， 試比較下面兩個(gè)對(duì)話 : ? (1) A: Eh, can you beat that? (=Can you pass the ? examination?) ? B: I read my eyes out last night. Couldn39。 一般場合下則慣用 tired 一詞 。 smart顯然比 on the ball正式些，但與 intelligent相比， smart則又顯得不那么正式。s convenience. So from now on, we39。 告別時(shí) ， 用 It’s been nice meeting you 要比用 Goodbye， byebye，see you， so long， cheerio等顯得正式些 。 使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)句式則具有非正式文體色彩 . 如 : ? INFORMAL: Please gather at the gate of ? the school. ? FORMAL: The students are