【正文】 ightness。 pronouns。在同一個方言社區(qū)內，每個人都會因交際目的、交際對象和交際方式的差異而按照不同的方式參與交際活動，這便涉及到語域的問題。 Tenor of Discourse語旨 /話語基調 ? 講話者或作者與受話者或讀者之間的關系，以及講話者的交際的意圖。 ? 講話可以是即興的也可以是非即興的。 to mand。 phoenix(rebirth, symbol of happy omen)。 eye— the eye of a needle/potato/a hurricane… naughty。e donn232。 ? 文學文體學研究語言在文學中的運用情況。英語文體學就是研究英語各種文體的一門學科。 — 秦秀白 《 文體學概論 》 文體學是一門研究文體的學問。 ? 理論文體學研究的是文體觀和方法論。e toutes les circonstances propre 224。 Negro。 peach (a lovely person。 to express feelings。即興的講話非為 “ 會話 ” (conversing)和 “ 獨白 ” (monologue)。 ? 寫作可以是 “ 為閱讀而寫 ” (如小說、電話號碼簿等 ),也可以是 “ 為說而寫 ” (如小說中的對話或獨白 )。方言多與交際者的社會階層、社會地位、地域、年齡、性別及所處時代等因素有關。colour words Read between lines : Ah, Judge Wilson, five me— but how can anyone see you if you insist on standing in Mr. Dickenson’s shadow？ A scale of “status” usage, for example, descending from formal and literary English at one end to colloquial, familiar, and eventually slang English at the other. 1. My beloved parent has joined the heavenly choir. 2. My dear father has passed away. 3. My father has died. 4. My old man has kicked the bucket. Stylistic meaning Firstly, we recognize some words or pronunciations as being dialectal, ., as telling us something of the geographical or social origin of the speaker. Secondly, other features of language tell us something of the social relationship between the speaker and the hearer. 4. Text—the natural starting place for the study of style ? A text is any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that forms a unified whole. It may be the product of a single speaker/writer (. a sign, a letter, a news report, a statute, a novel), or that of several speakers (. a piece of conversation, a debate). text ? Two boys stood near a jeweler’s shop. ? Two boys saw a man break a window of a jeweler＇ s shop and steal all the watches. ? Two boys took a man with several watches in his hand for a thief. ? Two boys ran after a man with several watches in his hand. ? Two boys stood near a jeweler＇ s shop. They saw a man break the shop window and steal all the watches. They ran after him, because they took him for a thief. ? (definite article。 the first lady ? Denotative meaning— literal sense。effect que produire cette pens232。 linguistics as a means — 王守元 《 英語文體學要略 》 2. What is Style？ ? Styl + istics ? Style所含的意思有三層 ? 1 文體 說話或寫作的格調，它隨時變化，由非正式到十分正式，視具體情景、對象、地點等因素而定 ? 2 語域 一個特定群體所用的特殊語言變體 ? 3 風格 特有的說話或寫作方式 ? 1. 風格即修辭 (Style as rhetoric—Gias) ? 2. 風格即形式 (Style as form—Aristotle) ? 3. 風格即雄辯術 (Style as eloqu