正式文體與非正式文體-文庫(kù)吧
2025-04-25 00:24 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ions) 多用于非正式文體 。 其相應(yīng)的非縮略或非縮約形式則常出現(xiàn)在正式文體中 : ? INFORMAL FORMAL INFORMAL FORMAL ? ad advertisement shouldn39。t should not ? phone telephone can39。t cannot ? photo photograph won39。t will not ? TV television there39。s there is ? sub substitute don39。t do not ? lab laboratory it39。s it is ? paper newspaper I39。ve I have ? rep representative they39。re they are ? ’phone ? He said, “I’m a teacher.” ? 由于縮略詞常用于非正式文體中，所以在不同的使用范圍內(nèi)，一個(gè)縮略詞可能有幾個(gè)不同的含義，如 rep 還可指 reporter， reputation， repertory等 。 ? sub 還可指 subway， suburb， suburban，subeditor， submarine 等。 ? 非正式文體較多地使用短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 。 ? 正式文體則常用與之同義的 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞 。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: The criminals finally turned ? themselves in. ? FORMAL: The criminals finally surrendered. ? INFORMAL: I can39。t put up with your bad manners. ? FORMAL: I cannot tolerate your bad manners. ? INFORMAL: He tried to make good use of his ? abilities in the new job. ? FORMAL: He endeavoured to utilize his abilities ? in the new position. ? 從 語(yǔ)法角度 來(lái)看 ， 正式文體與非正式文體也有許多差異 。 這里僅扼要列舉幾點(diǎn) : ? (一 )在構(gòu)成比較句型時(shí) ， 使用人稱(chēng)代詞的主格形式比使用其賓格形 ? 式更顯得正式些 ， ? INFORMAL: Bill speaks French more ? fluently than me. ? FORMAL : Bill speaks French more ? fluently than I. ? (二 )在表達(dá) “ 讓步 ” 概念時(shí) ， 正式文體常使用 yet, however， nevertheless, in spite of (despite), notwithstanding 等詞語(yǔ) 。 ? 非正式文體則常借用 but, anyway， all the same, though, although(although 比 though 更顯正式些 ) 等詞語(yǔ)予以表達(dá) 。 ? INFORMAL: A wolf， after all， is a wolf though ? it has artful disguises. ? FORMAL: A wolf after all, is a wolf in spite of ? (despite) its artful disguises. ? INFORMAL: He tried to prevent the marriage but ? it took place all the same. ? FORMA L: He endeavoured to prevent the ? marriage。 however, they married ? notwithstanding. ? (三 ) 在構(gòu)成 “ 方式狀語(yǔ) ” 時(shí) ， ? 非正式文體常使用 副詞 。 ? 而正式文體則常借用由 介詞和與該副詞同根的詞構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ) ， ? INFORMAL: He spoke confidently. ? FORMAI: He spoke in a confident ? manner. ? FORMAL : He spoke with confidence. ? (四 )在表達(dá) “ 原因 ” 、 “ 后果 ” 等概念時(shí) ， 正式文體 常用 on account of, accordingly, thus, hence, consequently, owing to (the fact that) 等詞或詞組 ， 且比較經(jīng)常地運(yùn)用分詞短語(yǔ) 、 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等 。 ? 非正式文體 則常用 so， because 或其它形式的表示原因的從句 。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: Since the weather had ? improved, we decided to go ? swimming. ? FORMAL: The weather having improved, ? we decided to go swimming. ? INFORMAL: As he was a man affixed ? views, he refused to listen to ? our arguments. ? FORMAL: Being a man affixed views, he ?
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