【正文】
requested to ? gather at the gate of the schoo1. ? (十 )正式文體和非正式文體的差別還表現(xiàn)在某些 不定代詞的用法 、 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及句子的主謂一致 等方面 。 用 in order to 則顯得正式些 。t put up with your bad manners. ? FORMAL: I cannot tolerate your bad manners. ? INFORMAL: He tried to make good use of his ? abilities in the new job. ? FORMAL: He endeavoured to utilize his abilities ? in the new position. ? 從 語法角度 來看 , 正式文體與非正式文體也有許多差異 。t do not ? lab laboratory it39。 句 (3) 的 investigate 源于拉丁語 , 屬正式文體用語 。 這兩類不同的用語是在長(zhǎng)期的使用過程中被約定俗成地固定下來的 。 這種文體只用來表露內(nèi)心的感情 , 不傳遞公共信息 。 ? (三 )商議性的文體 (the Consultative Style)。這是一種非常雅致、莊重的文體,是經(jīng)過反復(fù)推敲的力作,讀者必須經(jīng)過反復(fù)琢磨方能領(lǐng)悟蘊(yùn)藏在詞句之中的層層含義。 句 (2)屬正式的口語體 , 用于正式場(chǎng)合 , 或當(dāng)聽者系年長(zhǎng)者或與說者并不十分熟識(shí)時(shí)才用 : ? (l) Hi, Peter. Fancy meeting you here. ? (2) Good morning, . How are ? you? ? 書面語也有 正式書面語體和非正式書面語體 之分 。 下面兩句話雖均屬口語體 , 但句 (1)屬非正式的口語體 , 用于非常熟識(shí)的朋友之間 。 也有人譯作 冷凍體 )。 Martin Joos認(rèn)為,凡用了 may就是正式體,如 May I help you? 而在非正式場(chǎng)合下可能會(huì)用 might或 can等同義詞。 ? (五 )親密的文體 (the Intimate Style)。 非正式文體則常使用非正式用語 (informal words)。 句 (2)的 end 是古英語詞匯成分 , 用于非正式文體 。s there is ? sub substitute don39。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: The criminals finally turned ? themselves in. ? FORMAL: The criminals finally surrendered. ? INFORMAL: I can39。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: Since the weather had ? improved, we decided to go ? swimming. ? FORMAL: The weather having improved, ? we decided to go swimming. ? INFORMAL: As he was a man affixed ? views, he refused to listen to ? our arguments. ? FORMAL: Being a man affixed views, he ? refused to listen to our arguments. ? (五 ) 在構(gòu)成表示 目的 的狀語時(shí) , 用 so as to 一般具有非正式文體色彩 。 不用這一結(jié)構(gòu)而表達(dá)同一意義的句子多見于非正式文體 : ? INFFORMAL: The number of books in the ? library has been going down. ? FORMAL: It has been noted with concern that the ? stock of books in the library has ? been declining alarmingly. ? (九 ) 在表達(dá) “ 請(qǐng)求某人做某事 ” 時(shí) , ? 使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)句式多具有正式文體色彩 。見面時(shí)用 Good morning (afternoon, evening), How are you? How do you do? 等用語要比用 Hi 顯得正式些 。t fet that the library is for everyone39。但仔細(xì)分析一下,我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn) : 與 astute 相比, perceptive 又顯得不那么正式 。 與親密的朋友閑談時(shí)則可使用 bushed 或 pooped。句 (2)則是晚輩對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩說的 , ? (l) Close the window, Peter. (2) Dad, could you possibly close the window? ? 社會(huì)地位低的人若請(qǐng)求社會(huì)地位高的人做某事 , 往往使用正式的 、 客氣的文體 ,如 : ? I shall be most grateful if you would do me a favour. ? I wonder if you can help me. ? I wondered if you could help me. ? I am wondering if you can help me. ? I was wondering if you could help me. ? She is nice. ? She being nice today. ? 交際雙方如果不熟悉 , 往往在開始接觸時(shí)使用正式文體 。t you happy there? ? Roberts: Oh yes. But I thought that I ? couldn39。 ? Hampshire: Am I right in thinking—you must correct me if I39。