生產(chǎn)技術(shù)與利潤最大化(編輯修改稿)
2025-06-17 15:02 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 22 Diminishing returnstoscale y = f(x) x’ x Input Level Output Level f(x’) 2x’ f(2x’) 2f(x’) Decreasing returnstoscale 23 23 Increasing returnstoscale If, for any input bundle (x1,…,x n), f kx kx kx kf x x xn n( , , , ) ( , , , )1 2 1 2? ??then the technology exhibits increasing returnstoscale. . (k = 2) doubling all input levels more than doubles the output level. 24 24 Increasing returnstoscale y = f(x) x’ x Input Level Output Level f(x’) 2x’ f(2x’) 2f(x’) Increasing returnstoscale 25 25 ReturnstoScale y = f(x) x Input Level Output Level Decreasing returnstoscale Increasing returnstoscale 26 26 Examples of ReturnstoScale y a x a x a xn n? ? ? ?1 1 2 2 ? .The perfectsubstitutes production function is a kx a kx a kxk a x a x a xkyn nn n1 1 2 21 1 2 2( ) ( ) ( )( ).? ? ?? ? ? ????The perfectsubstitutes production function exhibits constant returnstoscale. 27 27 Examples of ReturnstoScale y a x a x a xn n? m i n { , , , }.1 1 2 2 ?The perfectplements production function is m in{ ( ), ( ), , ( )}( m in{ , , , }).a kx a kx a kxk a x a x a xkyn nn n1 1 2 21 1 2 2????The perfectplements production function exhibits constant returnstoscale. 28 28 Examples of ReturnstoScale y x x xa a na n? 1 21 2 ? .The CobbDouglas production function is ( ) ( ) ( ).kx kx kxk k k x x xk x x xk ya anaa a a a a aa a a a anaa ann nn nn1 21 21 21 2 1 21 2 1 21?? ???????? ? ?? ?29 29 Examples of ReturnstoScale The CobbDouglas technology’s returnstoscale is constant if a1+ … + a n = 1 increasing if a1+ … + a n 1 decreasing if a1+ … + a n 1 30 30 Question and answer Q: 在邊際產(chǎn)出遞減的情況下，是否能存在規(guī)模報(bào)酬遞增現(xiàn)象？ A: Yes. . y x x? 12 3 22 3/ / .31 3
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