【正文】
re variable). The shortrun production function when x2 ? 1 is .x1xy3/113/13/11 ??The shortrun production function when x2 ? 10 is .x15210xy 3/113/13/11 ???37 37 x1 y 3/13/11 10xy ?3/13/11 5xy ?3/13/11 2xy ?3/13/11 1xy ?長期和短期 Four shortrun production functions. 38 38 ProfitMaximization Economic Profit 廠商用投入 j = 1…,m 生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品 i = 1,…n. 產(chǎn)出水平 y1,…,y n,投入水平 x1,…,x m. 產(chǎn)品價格 p1,…,p n,投入價格 w1,…,w m. 廠商是價格接受者,即 p1,…,p n 和 w1,…,w m 給定。 可以按不同的數(shù)量使用的生產(chǎn)要素稱為可變要素(變動要素)。 A CobbDouglas Example 1 / 3 1 / 312y x x? 2 / 3 1 / 31 1 2113yM P x xx?????* 2 / 3 1 / 31 1 1 2 1()3pM R P p M P x x w?? ? ? ?3 / 2* 1 / 21213pxxw??? ????1 / 2* * 1 / 3 1 / 3 1 / 21 2 21()3py x x xw???? ????48 48 比較靜態(tài)學 產(chǎn)品價格 p變動 x1 y ????? ?12,y f x x?S lo p es wp? ? 1?????低價格 高價格 49 49 比較靜態(tài)學 投入價格 w1變動 x1 y ????? ?12,y f x x?S lo p es wp? ? 1?????高價格 低價格 50 50 Comparative Statics of ShortRun ProfitMaximization An increase in p, the price of the firm’s output, causes an increase in the firm’s output level (the firm’s supply curve slopes upward), and an increase in the level of the firm’s variable input (the firm’s demand curve for its variable input shifts outward). 51 51 Comparative Statics of ShortRun ProfitMaximization An increase in w1, the price of the firm’s variable input, causes a decrease in the firm’s output level (the firm’s supply curve shifts inward), and a decrease in the level of the firm’s variable input (the firm’s demand curve for its variable input slopes downward). 52 52 所有要素的使用量都可以自由的變動 ? ?121 2 1 1 2 2,m a x ,xx p f x x w x w x??? ?**1 1 2 1,p M P x x w?? ?**2 1 2 2,p M P x x w?1 1 1 2* ( , )x x w w?2 2 1 2* ( , )x x w w?要素需求曲線 53 53 反要素需求曲線 x1 ¥ w’1 x’1 pMP1 w”1 x”1 w1 11p M P w?