【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil. 正義戰(zhàn)勝了專斷行為，理智戰(zhàn)勝了墮落和盲目，民主戰(zhàn)勝了帝國主義，善戰(zhàn)勝了惡。 7) under 客觀的具有； under the policy under the assumption 中國政府無義務(wù)承諾 The Chinese government is under no obligation to 8） during 趕上 During the 10th anniversary of our corporation?s founding, I?d like to have 35% off the original price. 3. 形容詞和副詞互轉(zhuǎn) Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad. 我國政府十分關(guān)心海外僑胞。 4. 動詞到名詞 Our proposal was warmly weled by all the representatives. 我們的提議得到了全體代表的熱烈歡迎。 The girl impressed her relatives? favorably with her vivacity and sense of humor. 這個女孩以她的活潑和幽默感給她親戚們留下了極好的印象。 The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday. 上周日，來訪客和陪同人員一起參觀了黃鶴樓。 二、句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換 句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換 是指 英語中的某一句子成分已成漢語時轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種句子成分 。 １、主語和賓語轉(zhuǎn)換 有靈動詞：有生命的主語接 無靈動詞：無生命的主語接 American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 托馬斯杰斐遜 對 美國的教育 事業(yè)做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。 Her presence of mind had not pletely deserted her。 but she could not have trusted herself to speak. 她 雖沒有完全失去 鎮(zhèn)靜 ，可是卻又找不出話可說。 Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next day. 他 于 9 月 3 日攻克了 布魯塞爾 ，次日又拿下了 安特衛(wèi)普 。 ２、定語和賓語轉(zhuǎn)換 Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. 自建國以來，每一代美國人都被要求宣誓效忠于祖國。 定語和狀語轉(zhuǎn)換 He will give an immediate reply. 他會立即答復(fù)。 三、 表達(dá)方式轉(zhuǎn)換 score, dozen, decade, quarter Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new 年 She will be back in the last ten days of During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and His father is in his She has been a widow only for six 。 Our men?s wear 25% You are quite a stranger here. 這里的人不認(rèn)識你 There used to be a river here two centuries back of this. 兩個世紀(jì)以前 I’m low IQ, you know. 我很笨 ； low EQ(吃不開 )； low AQ(沉不住氣 ) There is always a place for you at your table. 請你隨時來吃便飯。 四、正面表達(dá)與反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換 —— 正反譯法 有些從正面表達(dá)的東西在漢語中卻習(xí)慣從反面來表達(dá)，而有些從反面表達(dá)的東西在漢語中卻習(xí)慣從正面來表達(dá) 。這就是我們通常所說的“ 正反譯法 ”。 ? 英語正面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語反面表達(dá) frostfree refrigerator 無霜冰箱 dutyfree zone 免稅區(qū) carefree 無憂無慮的 Wet paint! 油漆未干！ Stop talking nonsense! 別胡扯了！ He yelled “Freeze!” 他大喝一聲：“不許動！” Keep off the lawn! 請勿踐踏草坪！ I failed to understand your meaning. 我弄不懂你的意思。 The coffee is too sweet to bear. 咖啡甜得讓人受不了。 Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you? 你想知道她為 什么不想見到你？ Her husband hates to see her stony face. 她丈夫不愿意見到她那張面無表情的臉。 A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards. 行為不檢點的人，日后往往要后悔。 The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin. 這個調(diào)皮的男孩很不老實，他的借口一點也站不住腳。 You have roused my curiosity. And now you must gratify it. 你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)激起我的好奇心了，那現(xiàn)在你別在賣關(guān)子了。 Appearances are often deceptive. 外表往往是靠不住的。 At the news of his father?s death, he remained quiet for several days. 一聽到他父親的死訊，他好幾天一言不發(fā)。 ? 英語反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語正面表達(dá) I adhered to all the courtesies I had been taught. This frustrated my son to no end. 我遵從所有我學(xué)過的禮貌和規(guī)矩，這使我兒子 大為 失望。 You can’t be too careful. 你越仔細(xì)越好。 We could not be more mistaken. 我們大錯特錯。 The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it. 到目前為止，聯(lián)合國辜負(fù)了世界人民寄予的希望。 For three weeks I held both jobs, working from eight in the morning until midnight. Never in my life have I been happier. 三周來我身兼兩職，每天從早上八點一直工作到午夜。我的一生中以那段時光最為快樂。 五、被動語態(tài)與主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換 （轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法） 被動到主動 1） 多種被動詞 “受 ?? ”、“遭 ?? ”、“由 ?? ”、“給 ?? ”、“為 ?? 所 ?? ”、“予以 ?? ”、“加以 ??” He was released immediately after Oct 7. 一過十月七號，他 獲 釋了。 He was described as impressed by Deng?s flexibility. 據(jù)說他 為 鄧 （小平） 的靈活態(tài)度 所 感動 2） 省略被動詞 （同時可以作及物、不及物的詞） The risk of global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced. 全球核沖突的危險性 已經(jīng)大大 減小了 。 （注意：在此 been 可以刪除，四大趨勢的詞都可同樣使用） Over 700 of the world?s finest footballers were gathered in Japan and South Korea for the 17th World Cup tournament. 700 多名世界頂尖足球運(yùn)動員 聚集 在日本和韓國參加第 17 屆世界杯比賽。 3） 主被交換 a) 主語 +謂語 +狀語 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動句，結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為： 狀語 +謂語 +賓語（原主語） ， Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI. 一戰(zhàn)前好萊塢首次制作了電影。 b) 主語（受動者） +謂語 +（ by）施動者 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動句 , 處理為 施動者 +謂語 +受動者 的主動結(jié)構(gòu) The mobile phone boom is driven by the young adults. 年輕人推動了移動電話市場的繁榮。 4） 形式主語法 “據(jù) ?? ” It is said that… 據(jù)說 ?? It is reported that… 據(jù)報道 ?? It is calculated that… 據(jù)統(tǒng)計?? 不定代詞 “有人”、“大家”、“人們” It is believed that… 有人（我們、人們）相信（認(rèn)為） ?? It is generally considered that… 大家認(rèn)為 ?? It is wellknown… 眾所周知 ?? It is rarely known… 鮮為人知 ?? 主動到被動 1) 馬路兩旁是整齊的梧桐樹。 The avenue was lined with neatlyspaced plane trees. 2) 我也佩服你的見解。 I was also struck by your suggestions. 3) 全國人民所渴望的政治協(xié)商會議現(xiàn)在開幕了。 The Political Consultative Conference so eagerly awaited by the whole nation is herewith inaugurated. 4) 全國同胞們，中華人民共和國現(xiàn)已宣告成立。 Fellowcountrymen, the founding of the People?s Republic of China is proclaimed. 歸化 (Adaptation) 由于文化上的差異，英譯漢時有時直譯原文就會使譯入語讀者感到費(fèi)解，甚至誤解。這時，就有必要 借用漢語中意義相同或相近、且具有自己鮮明文化色彩的表達(dá)法 對原文加以 歸化 。 常用于翻譯成語、典故、形象詞等文化色彩較濃的表達(dá)方式 1) have a wolf by the ears 騎虎難下 2) to be cut at elbows 捉襟見肘 3) at sword?s points 強(qiáng)烈分歧 4) Give a dog an ill name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患無詞 5) A little pot is soon hot 量小易怒 6) I don?t understand how he can think she is goodlooking, but beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 我不知道他怎么會認(rèn)為她好看呢，但是 情人眼里出西施 。 7) He may always possess merits which make up for everything。 if he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts. 他也許總是保持著彌補(bǔ)一切的優(yōu)點， 失之東隅 的，他可以 收之桑榆 。 8) It was a case of diamond cut diamond. They thoug