【正文】
leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the three discipline and eight points for attention statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. rule is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party anizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party39。s purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into general and special provisions and Supplementary Provisions Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party anizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary pliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺(tái) 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half。s leadership and the party39。s eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised low political criterion and Regulations , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a longterm, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent rule and rule . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and selfdiscipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party passes party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺(tái) 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2020 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the code and rule is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of bining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and selfdiscipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the party39。s leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the code and rule , reflects the party39。 :品德,道德品質(zhì)的簡(jiǎn)稱,在我國(guó)又稱為德性或品行、操行等等。 ③ 學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的難易程度與遷移 ④ 萊文的遷移 假設(shè)理論 : ① 理解基本原理,促進(jìn)原理或法則的遷移 ② 總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),運(yùn)用學(xué)習(xí)方法 ③ 創(chuàng)設(shè)與應(yīng)用情境相似的學(xué)習(xí)情境 ④ 牢固掌握基本知識(shí) ,促進(jìn)新舊知識(shí)相結(jié)合 : ① 學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)決定著學(xué)習(xí)方向 ② 學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)決定著學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)程 ③ 學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)影響著學(xué)習(xí)效果 :學(xué)習(xí)興趣是一種力求認(rèn)識(shí)世界、渴望獲得文化科學(xué)知識(shí)的意識(shí)傾向,這種傾向是和一定的情感體驗(yàn)聯(lián)系著的。 ㈤關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)換說:學(xué)習(xí)的遷移是學(xué)習(xí)者突然地發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)之間存 在的關(guān)系的結(jié)果。托蘭斯提出的五條建議 ① 尊重兒童任何幼稚甚至荒誕無稽的問題 ② 尊重兒童具有想象與創(chuàng)造性的觀念 ③ 夸獎(jiǎng)兒童提出的觀念是有價(jià)值的 ④ 避免對(duì)兒童的行為作完全肯定的評(píng)判 ⑤ 對(duì)兒童的見解有所批評(píng)時(shí)應(yīng)解釋理由 : ① 局部改變法 ② 棋盤法 ③ 清單法 ④ 比擬法 :人們通常把學(xué)習(xí)的遷移定義為一種學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)另一種學(xué)習(xí)的影響。創(chuàng)造活動(dòng)是創(chuàng)造性思維活動(dòng),是創(chuàng)造性地解決問題的過程。 : ① 提出問題 ② 解決問題 :根據(jù)學(xué)習(xí) 者尋求解答的趨向,分為兩種方式。 :所謂概念形式,是指從大量的具體例證出發(fā),在兒童實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)過的概念的肯定例證中,通過歸納的方法抽取一類事物的共同屬性,從而獲得初級(jí)概念的過程。因此,語言意義的獲得,包括學(xué)習(xí)句法、學(xué)習(xí)閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)外語三個(gè)方面的問題。 : ① 學(xué)習(xí)是有意義的心理過程 ② 學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)者內(nèi)在潛能的發(fā)揮 ③ 學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)者有用的、有價(jià)值的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的學(xué)習(xí) ④ 最有用的學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)會(huì)如何進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。 :潛伏學(xué)習(xí)是托爾曼和杭齊克在 1930 年的白鼠迷津的試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種無強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)象。學(xué)校的任務(wù)就是把知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化成各種年齡的學(xué)習(xí)者都能理解的結(jié)構(gòu),并以所學(xué)材料的最佳順序去安排這些結(jié)構(gòu)。 :所謂知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)就是在頭腦中形成一個(gè)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。 : ① 注意學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知特性,強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)部認(rèn)識(shí)過程的重要性,即觀察、理解、頓悟等認(rèn)識(shí)功能在學(xué)習(xí)中的重要作用,這無疑是正確的。 習(xí)的操作條件反射學(xué)說: 20 世紀(jì) 20 年代,美國(guó)心理學(xué)家華生創(chuàng)立了行為主義學(xué)派的心理學(xué)理論體系。 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺(tái) 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): :準(zhǔn)備律、練習(xí)律、效果律。學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)過程有其本身的特點(diǎn)。適應(yīng)是通過兩種形式來實(shí)現(xiàn)的 —同化和適應(yīng)。 :即在主體和客體相互作用過程中產(chǎn)生并通過主體不斷自我調(diào)節(jié)而建構(gòu),或再建心理結(jié)構(gòu)的機(jī)制。 ② 狹義,學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)屬于狹義的學(xué)習(xí)。他認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)就是在情境與反應(yīng)之間形成了一定的聯(lián)結(jié)。 (經(jīng)典性條件反射 ): 1902 年,巴甫洛在狗的消化腺分泌反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了條件反射現(xiàn)象。 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺(tái) 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): :所謂頓悟就是對(duì)問題情境的突然理解。這些模式由定律或概括性的體系組成。教學(xué)要根據(jù)學(xué)生的已有認(rèn)知水平組織或 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺(tái) 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): 處理教學(xué)內(nèi)容。他的學(xué)習(xí)理論強(qiáng)調(diào) 學(xué)習(xí)的目的性和認(rèn)知性,所以又有人稱之為 “認(rèn)知 —目的說 ”。 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺(tái) 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): :是 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代末 60 年代初興起于美國(guó)的一種心理學(xué)理論。 :對(duì)個(gè)體來說,語言有本民族語言和外語,兩者都有句法學(xué) 習(xí)問題。是影響意義學(xué)習(xí)和長(zhǎng)久保持的第三個(gè)重要的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)變量 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺(tái) 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): : ① 在哲學(xué)上,把概念界說為人腦反映事物本質(zhì)屬性的高級(jí)形式 ② 在心理學(xué)上,一般把概念界說為由符號(hào)所代表的具有共同的關(guān)鍵特征的一類事物 : 概念形式和概念同化,其中概念同化是學(xué)生獲得概念的最基本的形式。所以說,以問題為中心的教學(xué)是一種高級(jí)的學(xué)習(xí)。創(chuàng)造力是一種綜合能力,創(chuàng)造的心理結(jié)構(gòu)是復(fù)雜的。 :鼓勵(lì)在實(shí)踐中解放思想。 ㈣概括原理說:產(chǎn)生遷移的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)習(xí)者在兩種活動(dòng)中概括出它們之間的共