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考研教育心理學(xué)95個必考知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)-文庫吧資料

2024-10-26 11:40本頁面
  

【正文】 arty constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and selfdiscipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party passes party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2020 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the code and rule is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of bining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and selfdiscipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the party39。 two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue。 the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat。s eighteen years prehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of the ICAC guidelines in in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) based on revised, the 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): promulgation and implementation of January 2020, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too plicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice。s leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the code and rule , reflects the party39。 the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): code and Regulations revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations column 1 by 2020 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation。 the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party。 不良品德的心理學(xué)依據(jù): ① 消除疑懼心理與對立情緒,恢復(fù)正常的人際關(guān)系 ② 品德不良青少年的自尊心和集體榮譽(yù)感的恢復(fù)與培養(yǎng) ③ 形成正確的是非觀念,增強(qiáng)是非感 ④ 增強(qiáng)與誘因作斗爭的力量,鞏固新的行為習(xí)慣 ⑤ 正確把握青少年心理發(fā)展的年齡特征與個別差異 ⑥ 獎勵與懲罰的運(yùn)用 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of prehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen innerparty supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the code adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard。 :品德,道德品質(zhì)的簡稱,在我國又稱為德性或品行、操行等等。 :約翰遜于 1974 年的研究表明,競爭活動能增強(qiáng)或促進(jìn)簡單的操作和記憶背誦練習(xí)活動或與速度有關(guān)的操作活動,如拼寫、 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): 詞匯、體育運(yùn)動技能活動。㈡消極作用 ① 在競爭活動中雖然能涌現(xiàn)出勝利者 ,但他們畢竟是極少數(shù) ,大多數(shù)學(xué)生會產(chǎn)生失敗感 ② 在人與人的競爭活動中 ,某些學(xué)生們?yōu)榱巳〉贸晒Σ坏貌环恋K或防備其他學(xué)生 ③ 經(jīng)常不斷的競爭活動會降低學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)在動機(jī)力量。 : ① 利用權(quán)威改變態(tài)度 ② 通過角色扮演改變態(tài) 度 ③通過認(rèn)知失調(diào)來改變態(tài)度 ④ 通過認(rèn)同和模仿來改變態(tài)度 :競爭和合作是進(jìn)行班集體或小組學(xué)習(xí)活動的兩個主要手段。 ③ 學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的難易程度與遷移 ④ 萊文的遷移 假設(shè)理論 : ① 理解基本原理,促進(jìn)原理或法則的遷移 ② 總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),運(yùn)用學(xué)習(xí)方法 ③ 創(chuàng)設(shè)與應(yīng)用情境相似的學(xué)習(xí)情境 ④ 牢固掌握基本知識 ,促進(jìn)新舊知識相結(jié)合 : ① 學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī)決定著學(xué)習(xí)方向 ② 學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī)決定著學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)程 ③ 學(xué)習(xí)動機(jī)影響著學(xué)習(xí)效果 :學(xué)習(xí)興趣是一種力求認(rèn)識世界、渴望獲得文化科學(xué)知識的意識傾向,這種傾向是和一定的情感體驗(yàn)聯(lián)系著的。充分的學(xué)習(xí)是產(chǎn)生有效遷移的一個有利條件。組織者分為陳述性組織者和比較性組織者兩類 ② 學(xué)習(xí)的程度與遷移量的關(guān)系。人們很早就發(fā)現(xiàn),人們可以學(xué)會如何進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。 ㈤關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)換說:學(xué)習(xí)的遷移是學(xué)習(xí)者突然地發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)之間存 在的關(guān)系的結(jié)果。 微信 掃描二維碼關(guān)注啟航考研( qh_kaoyan) 考研自學(xué)平臺 咋學(xué) APP 官網(wǎng): ㈢共同要素說:只有當(dāng)兩種心理機(jī)能具有共同成分作為因素時,一種心理機(jī)能的改進(jìn)才能引起另一種心理機(jī)能的改進(jìn)。這就引起學(xué)習(xí)遷移研究家們的極大懷疑。 ㈠形式訓(xùn)練說:根據(jù)該學(xué)說的觀點(diǎn),遷移是通過官能訓(xùn)練,以提高各種能力實(shí)現(xiàn)的。托蘭斯提出的五條建議 ① 尊重兒童任何幼稚甚至荒誕無稽的問題 ② 尊重兒童具有想象與創(chuàng)造性的觀念 ③ 夸獎兒童提出的觀念是有價值的 ④ 避免對兒童的行為作完全肯定的評判 ⑤ 對兒童的見解有所批評時應(yīng)解釋理由 : ① 局部改變法 ② 棋盤法 ③ 清單法 ④ 比擬法 :人們通常把學(xué)習(xí)的遷移定義為一種學(xué)習(xí)對另一種學(xué)習(xí)的影響。 :創(chuàng)造,在內(nèi)容上有賴于知識,在程度上有賴于智力。 :創(chuàng)造力本身是智力發(fā)展的結(jié)果。小學(xué)生和科學(xué)家都有創(chuàng)造性,只是在創(chuàng)造層次和水平上有不同而已。創(chuàng)造活動是創(chuàng)造性思維活動,是創(chuàng)造性地解決問題的過程。創(chuàng)造不可能是由單一能力來完成的。頓悟,常體現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)者運(yùn)用已知規(guī)則來解決同類問題的變式中,遷移能力是頓悟式解決問題的重要準(zhǔn)則。嘗試錯誤式解決問題是由無定向的嘗試、重復(fù)無效動作、糾正暫時性錯誤、出現(xiàn)獲得成功的動作等一系列反應(yīng)所組成的方式。 : ① 提出問題 ② 解決問題 :根據(jù)學(xué)習(xí) 者尋求解答的趨向,分為兩種方式。 : ① 將人們期望學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束時獲得的動作的形式告訴他 ② 用提問的方式,要求學(xué)習(xí)者重新陳述或回憶已經(jīng)學(xué)會的組成該規(guī)則的那些概念 ③ 用言語提示的方式,引導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)者將組成規(guī)則的那些概念,以適當(dāng)?shù)拇涡蚍旁谝黄穑孕纬梢粋€新的規(guī)則 ④ 提出一個問題來要求學(xué)習(xí) 者說明這個規(guī)則的一個或幾個具體實(shí)例,并在他每次作出正確回答時提供反饋 ⑤ 通過一個合適的問題,要求學(xué)習(xí)者對這個規(guī)則作一個言語的陳述 ⑥ 在學(xué)過規(guī)則一天或幾天后,提供一個 “間隔復(fù)習(xí) ”的機(jī)會,呈現(xiàn)一些新的實(shí)例,加以回憶并說明這個規(guī)則,使剛學(xué)的規(guī)則得以保持 :是置學(xué)生于一定問題情境之中,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生圍繞著問題,重新組織已知的規(guī)則,以形式相應(yīng)的高級規(guī)則,并用它來解決當(dāng)前的問題。所以變式是指關(guān)鍵特征不變而無關(guān)特征有變化的肯定例證。 : ① 概念的具體性和含糊性減少,概念的抽象
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