08組織變革與組織文化-文庫吧在線文庫
【正文】 2．使管理者更具環(huán)境適應性 ? 3．使員工更具環(huán)境適應性 ? （三）組織變革的內容 ? 1．人員的變革 ? 2．結構的變革 ? 3．技術與任務的變革 ? （四）組織變革的過程 ? 兩種不同的觀點： ? 其一：風平浪靜觀 ? 其二：急流險灘觀 ? 風平浪靜觀（ Kurt Lewin） ? 組織變革的過程包括解凍－變革－再凍結三個階段： ? （ 1）解凍階段：改革前的心理準備階段 ? （ 2）變革階段：變革過程中的行為轉換階段 ? （ 3）再凍結階段：變革后的行為強化階段 ? （五）組織變革的程序 ? （ 1）診斷組織現(xiàn)狀，發(fā)現(xiàn)變革征兆 ? （ 2）分析變革因素，制定改革方案 ? （ 3）選擇正確方案，實施變革計劃 ? （ 4）評價變革效果，及時進行反饋 ? （六）組織變革的阻力 ? ? ? （七）消除組織變革阻力的管理對策 ? （ 1）客觀分析變革的推力和阻力的強弱 ? （ 2）創(chuàng)新組織文化 ? （ 3）創(chuàng)新策略方法和手段 ? （ 八 ） 組織變革中的壓力及其管理 ? is stress? ? Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity , constraint , or demand related to what he or she desires , and for which the oute is perceived to be both uncertain and important. ? Stress is a plex issue, so let us look at it more closely. Stress can manifest itself in both a positive and a negative way. Stress is said to be positive when the situation offers an opportunity for one to gain something. It is when constraints or demands are placed on us that stress can bee negative. Let us explore these two featuresconstraints and demands. ? there mon causes of stress? ? Stressor:A factor that causes stress ? Stress can be caused by a number of factors called stressors. Factors that create stress can be grouped into two major categoriesanizational and personal. Both directly affect employee and , ultimately, their jobs. ? Organizational factors ? There is no shortage of factors within the anization that can cause stress. Pressures to avoid errors or plete tasks in a limited time period, a demanding supervisor, and unpleasant coworkers are a few examples. The discussion that follows anizes stress factors into five categories: task,role, and interpersonal demands。 ? 2．表層的制度系統(tǒng)（制度層）：規(guī)章制度、道德規(guī)范、行為準則和組織結構 ? 3．顯現(xiàn)層的組織文化載體（物質層）：組織行為、文化設備、工作環(huán)境 ? （四）組織文化的功能 ? 1．整合功能 ? 2．適應功能 ? 3．導向功能 ? 4．發(fā)展功能 ? 5．持續(xù)功能 ? （五）組織文化的形成 ? 1．管理者的倡導 ? 2．組織成
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