【正文】
neous”, 而不用” other matters/events”。 另外幾乎每個(gè)合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as, whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of, hereby, 用”pensation”。 “依照合同相關(guān)規(guī)定“ 或一般說(shuō)” pursuant to provisions contained herein” 或” as provided herein” 等, 不說(shuō)’according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”。 如比例稅率:用 pro rate tax rate 要比 proportional tax rate 多; 從事慈善性服務(wù)的律師: pro bono lawyer, 不經(jīng)常用 lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance, 委托代理人多用 agent ad litem二, 句法特點(diǎn)與翻譯要點(diǎn)商務(wù)合同的句法具有結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、句式較長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn)。其次,找出句子中所有的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句的引導(dǎo)詞,然后在分析從句和短句的功能,即:是否是主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句等,以及詞、短語(yǔ)和從句之間的關(guān)系。 諸多狀語(yǔ)盡管在原文中位置靈活,然而在譯文里,需按照漢語(yǔ)的行文規(guī)范適當(dāng)進(jìn)行調(diào)整:方式狀語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)置于動(dòng)詞之前; 其他狀語(yǔ)可以靈活處理,如本句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以提前至句首。in addition to 引導(dǎo)的是增補(bǔ)成分, 其核心詞remedies也跟了后置定語(yǔ)(available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable Laws)。按照漢語(yǔ)的思維習(xí)慣,往往先談原因,再談結(jié)論,因此采用顛倒順序的譯法更合理。商務(wù)合同具有句式講究、用詞嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、條理清晰、長(zhǎng)而不亂、邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。FOB Free on Board 裝運(yùn)港船上交貨 CFR Cost Insurance and Freight 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)。 L/C Letter of Credit 信用社。Hereafter=following this, hereby=by this means or by reason of this, 茲,之,特此,在此hereof= of this, hereinafter= later in this contract, herein before= in a proceeding part of this contract . 本協(xié)議中,以there為詞根的古體詞,漢語(yǔ)翻譯時(shí)一般都帶有“那..該。例,應(yīng)執(zhí)行本合同所發(fā)生的與本合同有關(guān)的一切爭(zhēng)議,雙方應(yīng)通過(guò)友好協(xié)商解決。原譯,Party A shall not be asked to pay at once any royalties in default on the part of Party B to the delivery of Technical Documentation.改譯,Party A shall not be required to forthwith any royalties in default on the part of Party B to the delivery of Technical Documentation.此句中要求一詞用require比ask正式,forthwith 是公文體, 較at once 和immediately正式嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),符合挈約文體。合同中同義詞的使用使得合同具有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、周密特色,以便減少漏洞與爭(zhēng)議。英文商務(wù)合同中較多使用shall來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方所必須承擔(dān)的責(zé)任和義務(wù),體現(xiàn)了合同是一種約束力很強(qiáng)的法律文書(shū), 它表明了合同的威嚴(yán)和對(duì)買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方的約束力。This contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.,少用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)甲方委托乙方為在新加坡的獨(dú)家銷(xiāo)售代理商Party A hereby appoints Party B as its executive sales agent in Singapore.乙方被甲方委托為在新加坡的獨(dú)家銷(xiāo)售代理商Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its executive sales agent in Singapore. 不宜,少用將來(lái)時(shí)當(dāng)有下列事件之一發(fā)生,被許多人提前90天向許多人發(fā)送書(shū)面通知后,可以終止合同。Within 30days after the signing and ing into effect of this contract, the buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30000 in favor of the seller through a bank at export point so that the seller may draw the sum in due time.句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Within 30days after the signing and ing into effect of this contract, 規(guī)定了買(mǎi)方付款的時(shí)間,整個(gè)句子的重心不是句子的動(dòng)作而是發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)間,翻譯時(shí)因采用漢語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu),使時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)盡量靠近表示義務(wù)責(zé)任的關(guān)鍵詞”須“,突出行為的時(shí)效性。條件狀語(yǔ)1. 表示假設(shè)條件的狀語(yǔ)從句,由等連接詞引導(dǎo)的表示假設(shè)條件的狀語(yǔ),此類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)用的角度來(lái)看,通常表示的是在某一假設(shè)條件下合同的某一方需承擔(dān)的義務(wù)和責(zé)任,或享有的權(quán)益,因此句子的語(yǔ)義重心在主句部分。2. 表示先決條件的狀語(yǔ)從句由providedthat所引導(dǎo)的表示某種先決條件的狀語(yǔ),表示的是只有在出現(xiàn)或具備了某種條件的情況下合約的某一方才有義務(wù)承擔(dān)某一責(zé)任或享有某一權(quán)益,或者才有可能采取某一行動(dòng),譯成中文時(shí)通常就不宜位于句首。必須“等詞語(yǔ)將它們同主句連貫起來(lái),或者譯成漢語(yǔ)條件復(fù)句中的條件分句,如”在...條件情況下“等。 表示例外情況的狀語(yǔ)從句此類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由except, with the exception that, in the absence of, 和unless等詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo),表示免除合約某一方或雙方承擔(dān)某一合約條款所規(guī)定的義務(wù)或責(zé)任的特殊條件,它們經(jīng)常和規(guī)定需承擔(dān)義務(wù)的條件的條件狀語(yǔ)配合使用,通常是對(duì)條款的補(bǔ)充或修正,在意義上一般都隱含有轉(zhuǎn)折,譯成中文時(shí)通??梢园阉鼈冏鳛椴⒘芯涮幚矶胖迷诰渥拥淖詈蟆?目的狀語(yǔ)英文經(jīng)貿(mào)合同中的目的狀語(yǔ)通常由in order to 和so as to 或sosuch that引導(dǎo)?!白g出,保持英文原文的順序。If the supplier, having notified, fails to remedy the defects within a reasonable period, the purchaser may proceed to take such remedial action as may be necessary, at the