【正文】 思考，并形成自己的見(jiàn)解?；景凑找髮?xiě)作，但只有少數(shù)句子可以理解。內(nèi)容基本切題，基本包含題中所列三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。內(nèi)容切題，基本包含題中所列三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。比較清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字基本連貫。句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確。符合要求的字?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)是160至200個(gè)詞左右。首先在詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用上能夠選用恰當(dāng)?shù)?、能夠?zhǔn)確表達(dá)意義的詞，并能顯示出一定的詞匯量(用詞面較寬)。意思連貫是指句子與句子、段落與段落之間銜接自然，整體性強(qiáng)。(2)表達(dá)清楚，意思連貫。誤解題目或曲解題意，寫(xiě)出來(lái)的短文答非所問(wèn)就是跑題。英文寫(xiě)作是一個(gè)最能體現(xiàn)考生書(shū)面英語(yǔ)水平和技能的測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。無(wú)需積分，無(wú)需回復(fù)，只要你帶寬足夠大，你資料就足夠多！大家網(wǎng)考研論壇，等待您的光臨！聲明：本資料由 大家論壇考研論壇，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出自 歷年考研英語(yǔ)試題命題特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律(寫(xiě)作B部分)第六部分寫(xiě)作B部分命題的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律在研究生英語(yǔ)入學(xué)考試中，英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作歷來(lái)是考生的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。一、寫(xiě)作B部分命題的基本指導(dǎo)思想考試大綱對(duì)寫(xiě)作的評(píng)價(jià)目標(biāo)根據(jù)《大綱》規(guī)定：考生應(yīng)根據(jù)題目以及寫(xiě)作提綱或規(guī)定的情境、圖表、圖畫(huà)等寫(xiě)出大約200個(gè)詞的短文。另外，也要注意不漏掉提綱或圖畫(huà)中的要點(diǎn)和信息，如果提綱中給出了三個(gè)要點(diǎn)，考生卻只寫(xiě)了兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)，顯然從內(nèi)容上就不切題了。表達(dá)清楚是指清楚地表達(dá)思想，而不是含糊其辭，使人不得要領(lǐng)?？忌鷳?yīng)熟練運(yùn)用連接詞語(yǔ)來(lái)正確表達(dá)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)與另一觀點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系。其次，寫(xiě)出的句子符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)范，沒(méi)有重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，句式上多變，不要只用簡(jiǎn)單句或陳述句，應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加句子形式的多樣性，不僅有短句，也有長(zhǎng)句，不僅有簡(jiǎn)單句，也有并列句、復(fù)合句等等。現(xiàn)將大綱對(duì)寫(xiě)作部分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摘錄如下：(1)20~17分。文章長(zhǎng)度符合要求。句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無(wú)重大錯(cuò)誤。基本清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無(wú)重大錯(cuò)誤。語(yǔ)句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤。(6)0分。從命題內(nèi)容來(lái)看，其材料特點(diǎn)有：：發(fā)生在身邊的事情，各種考生都有一定的體驗(yàn)，可以有感而發(fā)。對(duì)于社會(huì)生活中的敏感問(wèn)題，一般不會(huì)涉及。如2009年的題目是網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“近”與“遠(yuǎn)”，2006年的題目是偶像崇拜，2005年則對(duì)贍養(yǎng)老人問(wèn)題展開(kāi)討論，2003年的試題既可以討論加入世界貿(mào)易組織后的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題，也可以談孩子的教育問(wèn)題，2002年的題目是中外文化交流問(wèn)題。(二)作文的體裁從體裁上看，近10年的作文都為論說(shuō)文。時(shí)間中心思想題材類(lèi)型2009年網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“近”與“遠(yuǎn)”社會(huì)生活圖畫(huà)式作文2008年合作的重要性人生哲理圖畫(huà)式作文2007年樂(lè)觀心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵人生哲理圖畫(huà)式作文2006年偶像崇拜社會(huì)生活圖畫(huà)式作文2005年年輕人應(yīng)該贍養(yǎng)父母社會(huì)倫理圖畫(huà)式作文2004年終點(diǎn)又是新的起點(diǎn)人生哲理圖畫(huà)式作文2003年溫室里的花經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨教育或經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題圖畫(huà)式作文2002年中國(guó)與世界的文化交流文化與交流圖畫(huà)式作文2001年困難的時(shí)候，人人都應(yīng)該獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心社會(huì)倫理圖畫(huà)式作文2000年自然生態(tài)平衡遭破壞環(huán)境保護(hù)圖畫(huà)式作文三、寫(xiě)作B部分題型透(一)圖畫(huà)式作文從2000到2009年這十年間B部分寫(xiě)作考的都是圖畫(huà)式作文。從應(yīng)試的角度看，審題、謀篇、語(yǔ)言是寫(xiě)好作文的三要素?？忌紫纫闱宄魑牡囊螅纾菏欠裼袠?biāo)題?標(biāo)題是什么?是否有提綱?文章字?jǐn)?shù)是多少等。從女孩那燦爛的笑容上我們不難看出她的心里是多么的欣喜，而這種欣喜來(lái)自于對(duì)中國(guó)文化的感受。比如，2001年考題是“愛(ài)心是一盞燈，在越黑暗的地方越明亮”。再看其謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，可以看出本題是提倡在需要的地方獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心?？忌梢栽谧プ☆}目與說(shuō)明文字的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)圖畫(huà)進(jìn)行抽象，點(diǎn)出圖畫(huà)的寓意。作文的題干中會(huì)提出兩到三項(xiàng)寫(xiě)作要求，考生在謀篇時(shí)要抓住這些要求。比如2009年的考題要求：1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended meaning 3) give your ments。作文的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)長(zhǎng)短句兼顧，句式變化多樣，當(dāng)然語(yǔ)法的正確性是必需的。在組織語(yǔ)言中要特別注意連貫性，連貫性不僅從連詞、語(yǔ)句的使用中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，更重要的是語(yǔ)意的相互照應(yīng)。第二，描寫(xiě)要按照一定的邏輯順序進(jìn)行(如時(shí)間、空間等)。(二)圖表式作文圖表作文是通過(guò)提供的一組或幾組數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)反映某個(gè)趨勢(shì)或某一問(wèn)題、現(xiàn)象。因?yàn)閳D表式作文所要討論的現(xiàn)象和問(wèn)題都隱含在數(shù)據(jù)里，所以考生常會(huì)感到比較難寫(xiě)。②曲線(xiàn)，它常表示事物的變化趨勢(shì)。這類(lèi)作文提供了大量數(shù)據(jù)，但題目往往要求少用所給數(shù)據(jù)，避免簡(jiǎn)單羅列數(shù)據(jù)。③列提綱。常用句型：①A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departments, followed by theB. department andC. department②The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.③The ine from sales is 10 million, making the pany the highest one in sales.④The A39。第三種情況：縱向、橫向均有的說(shuō)明。t have large populations, they consume disproportionately large quantities of natural resources and therefore are more blamed for global warming. Developing countries, on the other hand, usually have lower levels of emissions. China, for example, has the largest population in the list. Yet its emission of CO 2 per capita is only 980 kg, being about a quarter of the emission level of the US. Another good example is Korea. Its population is the smallest in the list, so is its per capita emission of CO 2The charts show no correlation between emission levels of CO 2 and the sizes of population.本文比較了7個(gè)國(guó)家二氧化碳排放的變化幅度，及相互對(duì)比關(guān)系。從提綱的要求上看，提綱式命題作文對(duì)聯(lián)系社會(huì)的要求不是很多，寫(xiě)作難度也相對(duì)較小。如：Nowadays, China39。它由中心詞和限定詞兩部分組成。只給出主題，未指出寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容和展開(kāi)方式。通過(guò)回答“how”這樣的問(wèn)題，我們可將主題句具體化。太具體的主題句使段落后面沒(méi)有展開(kāi)的余地。在應(yīng)試中，這是十分行之有效的方法。主題句出現(xiàn)在中間，起到承上啟下的作用，上文引出背景，下文可以用于分析。(3)位于段末。結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題，給人以深刻的印象。Example 1Reforming and opening up have helped the villagers to live a fortable life. (主題句) Before 1983 the village practiced a collective ownership system, whereby the villagers picked and baked tea leaves together. Life was hard and their ine meager, so they had no incentive to work hard.“We got rich after the fields were parceled out to households in 1983，” says Sun Jinrong. Since then, the villagers have tilled their own plots. Having learned to follow the laws of the market economy and petition, their living standards have greatly improved.段首提出中心論點(diǎn)：改革開(kāi)放使茶農(nóng)過(guò)上了好日子。s knowledge. It is wellknown that a machine will break down if it keeps running without a stop. Similarly, if a child keeps studying without relaxation, he will be tired out. And if a child spends all this time studying, he will bee a dull boy in the ivory tower.本段開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)出中心，然后用過(guò)渡詞指出三個(gè)原因。如：Ambition is like choler (膽汁)，which is a humour, that makes men active, earnest, full of alacrity, and stirring, if it be not stopped. But if it be stopped, and cannot have its way, it bees angry, and malign. So ambitious men, if they find the way open for their rising, and still get forward, they39。這樣就縮小了討論范圍，確定了討論的方向。在描寫(xiě)、分析社會(huì)變化的文章中常用順序進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，同時(shí)也可以起到新舊對(duì)比論證的作用。這樣，考生既可以對(duì)描寫(xiě)思路有所了解，又可使文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。而對(duì)于文章主要論點(diǎn)的分析，應(yīng)采用一因多果、一果多因的方法，這樣可以全方位多個(gè)角度透徹地分析問(wèn)題。(4)例證法考生可以用他人的例子，自己的經(jīng)歷或名人的故事作為實(shí)例，來(lái)把論點(diǎn)具體化。s performance objectively. For example, Jane recently wrote irresponsible remarks about her instructor because she was failing the course. Her friend Sam wrote a great description of the same instructor because he was receiving an A in the course. Both Jane and Sam were not fairly evaluating the instructor. They were influenced by the grades they were earning and were biased in their judgement.本段通過(guò)兩個(gè)例子的對(duì)比，論證了很難客觀地評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)人。對(duì)照法比較的是事物的不同點(diǎn)。 as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of my mind, they are in a way quite similar.To keep ourselves alive, we need all kinds of nutrition. 1) Eating is the most important way by which we can get starch, protein, vitamin, sugar, fat, and some trace elements. 2) On the other hand, we eat not only because we have to do so, but also because we enjoy doing so. Having satisfied our hunger, eating can then be a kind of enjoyment. The color, the smell, and the taste of the food are considered as important as its nutritive value. Very often we eat some food not because it is nourishing but simply because welike it.Similarly, to enrich our minds, we need information and knowledge, which can be obtained through ) Reading is one of the most important ways of learning. Without reading our minds will bee empty like that of an animal. 2) Sometimes, we take reading as a pastime, and we relax and learn at the same time. Since recreation is involved, we will naturally