【正文】 r capita and populations of seven countries. Industrialized countries certainly contribute more to the CO 2 levels in the atmosphere, with the US at the top tons per capita per year. It is followed by Japan and the UK, with emissions of tons and tons respectively. Though these countries usually don39。提綱一般為三部分，考生應(yīng)針對提綱采用三段的結(jié)構(gòu)來開展文章。主題句的展開通常會出現(xiàn)如下問題：(1)過于空洞。(2)過于具體。(2)位于段中。段末給出結(jié)論，點(diǎn)出學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性。Example 2I hold the view that children can play puter games in their spare time, and the reasons are explored as follows. First, puter games should be played moderately, with the control of parents. It can help children to relax and improve their efficiency in their studies. Second, playing puter games moderately can offer children chances to develop their creativity, which is essential for their success in study. Third, playing puter games can broaden children39。而這個題目本身范圍太廣，因此作者先給它下了個定義，確定討論的方向：抱負(fù)/雄心在不同條件下表現(xiàn)出來的不同特性。當(dāng)圖畫比較復(fù)雜，而且方位較強(qiáng)時，考生可按照空間順序進(jìn)行描述。re doing, students learn more in the course and perform better on major exams (原因1). Moreover, If students had frequent exams in all their courses, they would have to schedule study time each week and gradually would develop a habit of frequent study (原因2).作者采用一果多因的方法分析了教授應(yīng)經(jīng)常測試學(xué)生的原因。(6)對比和對照法對比法比較的是事物的相同點(diǎn)。(三)文章開頭與結(jié)尾的寫作方法(1)引言法在文章開頭引用具有代表性的名人名言，既可吸引讀者，又可以點(diǎn)題。通過分析，作者自然地引出觀點(diǎn)：完全禁止私車是偏激的做法。如：Psychological health of the youth should be concerned by our society. On being advised by his school that he should leave after failing several exams, a Beijing university student decided to mit suicide, but first killed his father and grandmother so as to spare their grief at his own death. A 13yearold Sichuan Province girl ran away from home recently in pursuit of her favorite movie star, and has not been seen since. Isn39。(四)短文寫作中常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞first of all, for one thing, for another, to begin with, first, second, next, in the first (second) place, furthermore, moreover, beyond that, also, besides, in addition, what is more, such as, finally。(1)對照：but, however, yet, or, nevertheless, still, nonetheless, conversely, nor, rather, whereas, thought, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast with/to, in contrast (with/to)，even though, instead, unlike, different from, instead (of)，the opposite (of)，unlike, although, while, but等。s population should be in proportion to its area, unfortunately the reality often goes against our will.③A is a far larger university, being over three times as big as B.圖表式作文經(jīng)常使用as從句做解釋性描述的過渡，它的運(yùn)用，可以使短文由圖畫的說明解釋，陡然一轉(zhuǎn)，由客觀說到主觀，由一般說到個體，過渡自然。所以考生在復(fù)習(xí)寫作時，要盡可能熟悉和掌握表達(dá)這些關(guān)系的常用句型，這將對提高寫作能力有較大幫助。close to, close at hand (近在身旁)，next to, down, far, beyond, against (對著)，on the opposite side (相對的)，opposite to, above, across, across from, around, at the bottom, before, behind, below, beneath, between, in the middle of, in the distance, in the center of, farther, on the left/right等。(5)首尾呼應(yīng)法在首尾兩處點(diǎn)題，可以使段落的中心突出。在寫總結(jié)式結(jié)尾時，對于論證中提到的要點(diǎn)應(yīng)該點(diǎn)到為止，而重在重申論點(diǎn)。(2)提問法如： Why are foreigners so glad that barriers have been dismantled? China has a population of billion, and US $1 000 billion of GDP. It is a country with one of the fastest economic growth rates in the world. China39。要點(diǎn)式：先講解兩個事物在一點(diǎn)上的相同或不同點(diǎn)，再去講解他們在另一點(diǎn)上的異同之處主題式：先講解一個事物的各個方面，再講解另一個事物第一段A 1B. 1第二段A 2B. 2第一段A 1 A 2第二段B 1B. 2如：As a creature, I eat。如：It is very difficult to evaluate another person39。單一的因果關(guān)系往往用來分析簡單的問題。s blood is unable to clot.(2)時間、空間順序法以事情發(fā)展的順序，或時間的先后安排材料。(1)定義法當(dāng)考生提出的概念或觀點(diǎn)很抽象，涉及面廣時，考生需要對概念進(jìn)行解釋，限定內(nèi)容，從而縮小討論的焦點(diǎn)。其次，結(jié)構(gòu)連貫：適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用過渡詞指明文章內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。然后文章從失業(yè)開始進(jìn)一步展開論證。把主旨放在段首，使讀者對文章內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)等有個把握。再如：Clothes play a part in our ，(是衣服的時尚性，還是實(shí)用性)，讀者不能預(yù)測下文的展開方向。t mean no job. There are plenty of opportunities for the laidoff workers to be reemployed. Take Shanghai for example, the city is developing into an international economic center, shifting its old labor intensive industries out of the city and replacing them with new enterprises. But there is a fundamental requirement for the laidoffs if they want to be enrolled in these new posts. They must have certain skills. To many laidoff workers, they have to get job training to make themselves qualified and petitive in the human resources market.四、寫作B部分的主要寫作方法(一)主題句的寫法主題句是全段的核心。例如：1995年的試題“希望工程”中提綱的要求是：(1) Present situation. (2) Necessity of the project. (3) My “希望工程”，分析開展希望工程的意義和原因，聯(lián)系考生自己提出一些建議或具體的做法。描述這樣的圖表時，可用以下詞匯和句型:①The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June.②The trend/increase slowed down in May.③The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January. (開始走強(qiáng))④Prices went up by 50%， but the number of smokers maintained.⑤It picked up speed at the end of this year.常用詞匯及表達(dá)法：increase, decrease, rise, fall, slow down, level off, pick up speed, maintain, drop, the trend reverses, decline, gain/lose momentum, a steady/ substantial (實(shí)質(zhì)性的) increase, a minor/slight/dramatic drop。②分析數(shù)字所反映的主旨，得出中心論點(diǎn)。常見的圖表類型有：①表格，它表示多種事物的相互關(guān)系。本段通過描述Waller精神生活的缺乏引出文章中心：娛樂活動缺乏帶來酗酒等社會問題。如沒有，可適當(dāng)調(diào)整句式。即使只有兩條要求，實(shí)際上它常包含一個隱性條件，所以考生也要涉及3點(diǎn)才能把文章寫透徹。圖畫作文的中心思想通常體現(xiàn)在圖中人物的動作、表情或畫龍點(diǎn)睛的一句或幾句話中。第二，考生要注意題目中的文字說明，看文字說明要做到看清主、謂、賓。第一，仔細(xì)研讀作文指令，從題目中找出中心詞，分析修飾詞，從而準(zhǔn)確地抓住題目的中心。下表為近十年考題特點(diǎn)的小結(jié)。：社會關(guān)心的、典型的事。最近幾年的命題多與當(dāng)前的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)和熱點(diǎn)問題有關(guān)，要求考生對社會現(xiàn)象和社會的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化生活有所關(guān)注和思考，并形成自己的見解。內(nèi)容基本切題，基本包含題中所列三個方面的內(nèi)容。比較清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，文字基本連貫。符合要求的字?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)是160至200個詞左右。意思連貫是指句子與句子、段落與段落之間銜接自然，整體性強(qiáng)。誤解題目或曲解題意，寫出來的短文答非所問就是跑題。無需積分，無需回復(fù)，只要你帶寬足夠大，你資料就足夠多！大家網(wǎng)考研論壇，等待您的光臨！聲明：本資料由 大家論壇考研論壇，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出自 歷年考研英語試題命題特點(diǎn)及規(guī)律(寫作B部分)第六部分寫作B部分命題的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律在研究生英語入學(xué)考試中，英語寫作歷來是考生的一個難點(diǎn)。另外，也要注意不漏掉提綱或圖畫中的要點(diǎn)和信息，如果提綱中給出了三個要點(diǎn)，考生卻只寫了兩個要點(diǎn)，顯然從內(nèi)容上就不切題了?？忌鷳?yīng)熟練運(yùn)用連接詞語來正確表達(dá)一個觀點(diǎn)與另一觀點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)將大綱對寫作部分的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摘錄如下：(1)20~17分。句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無重大錯誤。語句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯誤。從命題內(nèi)容來看，其材料特點(diǎn)有：：發(fā)生在身邊的事情，各種考生都有一定的體驗(yàn)，可以有感而發(fā)。如2009年的題目是網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“近”與“遠(yuǎn)”，2006年的題目是偶像崇拜，2005年則對贍養(yǎng)老人問題展開討論，2003年的試題既可以討論加入世界貿(mào)易組織后的中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，也可以談孩子的教育問題，2002年的題目是中外文化交流問題。時間中心思想題材類型2009年網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“近”與“遠(yuǎn)”社會生活圖畫式作文2008年合作的重要性人生哲理圖畫式作文2007年樂觀心態(tài)是成功的關(guān)鍵人生哲理圖畫式作文2006年偶像崇拜社會生活圖畫