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商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯之合同翻譯-wenkub

2023-04-21 12:50:45 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 ration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission. 對(duì)于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭(zhēng)議,本合同雙方應(yīng)通過(guò)友好協(xié)商解決,如協(xié)商無(wú)法解決爭(zhēng)議,則應(yīng)將爭(zhēng)議提交中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)(北京),依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁?!猦eretoHereto: to this, 至此,在此上?!猦ereofHereof: of this, 關(guān)于此點(diǎn),在本文中。 by reason of this. 特此,因此,茲。 進(jìn)行對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同文件寫作時(shí),在用詞上不但要求準(zhǔn)確,而且要求簡(jiǎn)潔。)  9) The titles to the articles are for convenience of reference only, not part of this contract and shall not in any way effect the interpretation thereof.   在前一句中,“hereby”一詞翻譯成了“茲”,這是一個(gè)經(jīng)常在中文商務(wù)合同中使用的詞,符合法律文書的文體特征。下表中的詞語(yǔ)均是約定俗成的特殊用語(yǔ)。)  在以上三句中,acceptance、clean、to the order of、confirmed和documentary的翻譯均未能完全真實(shí)表示合同意思,這些詞的中文完整意思分別是“驗(yàn)收”、“清潔”、“以……為抬頭”、“保兌的”和“跟單”。所以在翻譯的過(guò)程中,譯者要對(duì)這些詞語(yǔ)在一般文體中和法律文體中的意義進(jìn)行區(qū)分。由此可見(jiàn),在合同翻譯過(guò)程中,要特別注意專業(yè)性的問(wèn)題。 若用execution,pletion of the works and the remedying of any defects ,則意味著兩個(gè)階段合并為一個(gè)階段,使承包人該移交的工程不能交出去。完成后承包人獲得業(yè)主簽發(fā)的移交證書(Takingover Certificate)。 The Contractor shall, without limiting his or the Employee’s obligations and responsibilities under Clause 20, insure the Works, together with materials and plant for incorporation therein, to the full replacement cost. 在不限制第20條中規(guī)定的承包人和業(yè)主的義務(wù)和責(zé)任的條件下,承包人應(yīng)該以全部重置成本對(duì)工程、用于工程中的材料和工程配套設(shè)備進(jìn)行保險(xiǎn)。 The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and pletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price. 業(yè)主特此立約保證向承包人支付合同總價(jià),以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。第二節(jié) 合同英語(yǔ)的詞匯特點(diǎn)及翻譯要點(diǎn)  商務(wù)合同屬于莊重文體,用詞極其考究,具有特定性和嚴(yán)肅的風(fēng)格。再如,由于當(dāng)事人雙方來(lái)自不同背景,各自對(duì)某些關(guān)鍵詞的解釋和使用也不完全一樣,就有必要在合同中添加“定義條款”(Definition Clause),把相關(guān)的重要詞匯、專有名詞和術(shù)語(yǔ)加以解釋和說(shuō)明,以確定其含義。,具體說(shuō)明如下: (一)合同名稱(Title):即合同標(biāo)題,表明合同的內(nèi)容和性質(zhì)。二、分類與結(jié)構(gòu) 按照格式的繁簡(jiǎn)程度的不同,國(guó)際商務(wù)合同可以采取正式合同(Contract)、協(xié)議書(Agreement)、確認(rèn)書(Confirmation)、備忘錄(Memorandum)、定單(Order)等書面形式。通常所謂的“文體(style)”是指人們運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言時(shí),總是根據(jù)一定的交際內(nèi)容、交際目的和交際場(chǎng)合,來(lái)選取一定的表達(dá)形式,即所謂的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格;這種風(fēng)格,既要適應(yīng)交際對(duì)象,又受到特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境的制約。比如,99年中國(guó)《合同法》規(guī)定,Contacts referred to in this Law are agreements establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations。 在由Steven H. Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中,contract被定義為 “a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根據(jù)這一定義,合同是一種承諾,違反承諾可以得到法律救助,在某種意義上,法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補(bǔ)償。根據(jù)美國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Martin Joos(1962)年的分類,合同英語(yǔ)屬于莊重文體(the frozen style),是各種英語(yǔ)文體中正式程度最高的一種。在合同簽訂和履行過(guò)程中,當(dāng)事人之間往來(lái)的信函、電子郵件、電報(bào)等也是合同的組成部分,同樣具有一定的法律效力。 (二)前文[2] 從結(jié)構(gòu)上講,本條屬于“前文”部分;但從內(nèi)容上講,又屬于合同的一般條款。(Other Conditions)??傮w上看,合同的詞匯特點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在以下兩大方面: 一、用詞專業(yè),具有法律意味(professional or legal) 二、用詞正式、準(zhǔn)確(formal and accurate)(1)使用正式的法律用詞 The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed (被認(rèn)為) to be construed (理解)as part of this Contract. 整個(gè)合同期間,本合同的附件應(yīng)被視為合同的一部分予以解釋。 Covenants是法律用詞,意為簽訂有法律約束力的正式合同。(3)外語(yǔ)與相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識(shí)和國(guó)際法知識(shí)相結(jié)合 The Engineer shall have authority to issue to the Contractor, from time to time, such supplementary Drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and pletion of the works and the remedying of any defects therein. 工程師有權(quán)隨時(shí)向承包人發(fā)出為合理和恰當(dāng)施工,竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中的缺陷所必須的補(bǔ)充圖紙和指示。 第二個(gè)階段為修補(bǔ)工程中的缺陷。一、用詞專業(yè),具有法律意味(professional or legal)(一)根據(jù)不同的專業(yè)來(lái)確定詞義。(二)注意合同本身的術(shù)語(yǔ)   合同自身也有大量具有法律特性的合同術(shù)語(yǔ)。例如: 請(qǐng)?jiān)倏匆韵聨桌骸? 4)Contractor shall assure full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. (初始譯文:在項(xiàng)目接收之前,承包方應(yīng)對(duì)工程承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。由以上各例可見(jiàn),由于對(duì)商務(wù)合同中專業(yè)詞匯的錯(cuò)誤理解和翻譯,從而傳達(dá)了一種錯(cuò)誤信息從而可能引發(fā)法律糾紛。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的理解方法是:here代表this,there代表that,where代表what/which。另外兩個(gè)舊體詞“之”和“系”顯示合同翻譯風(fēng)格正式而緊湊的典型特點(diǎn);在后一個(gè)例子中,根據(jù)上下文來(lái)看,“thereof”一詞的意思是“of the said contract”,譯為“本合同的”。 英語(yǔ)中某些副詞如“here”和 “where”在法律文件中往往當(dāng)作前綴,與另外一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)正式法律詞匯中的副詞,在法律文件中用這些詞,可以避免重復(fù),使行文準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔。 The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and pletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may bee payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 業(yè)主特立此約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價(jià),或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項(xiàng),以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。 The terms, conditions and provisions hereof:本合同的條件和條款。在表示上文已提及的“本合同的188。仲裁裁決是終局性的,對(duì)雙方都有約束力。在表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的188。 The term “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified herein (in this Contract). 除非本合同另有規(guī)定, “FOB”, “CFR” 或 “CIF” 均應(yīng)依照國(guó)際商會(huì)制定的《國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則(INCOTERMS)2000》辦理。一般與to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等詞組連用,以避免重復(fù)。工程中的188?!睍r(shí),可以使用該詞。——thereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder Thereafter: after that, 此后,之后Thereto:to that, 隨附,附之Therewith: with that, 與此,與之Therefor,: for that, 因之,為此Thereunder: under that, 在其下,依照 “Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto. “合同產(chǎn)品”指本合同附件2中規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品及其改進(jìn)和開(kāi)發(fā)的產(chǎn)品。——whereas Whareas: considering that, 鑒于,就188。 Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products。 A contract for supply and use of electricity refers to a contract whereby the supplier of electricity supplies electricity to the user of electricity, and the user of electricity pays the electric fee. 供用電合同是供電人向用電人供電,用電人支付電費(fèi)的合同?!? b. Shall:在合同中并不是單純的將來(lái)時(shí),一般用它來(lái)表示法律上可以強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的義務(wù)(Obligation)。s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs. (雙方首先應(yīng)通過(guò)友好協(xié)商,解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議。   11)The quality and prices of the modities to be exchanged between the eximporters in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides. (貨物的質(zhì)量和價(jià)格必須使進(jìn)出口雙方都能接受?!? 13)The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman. Should the cha
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