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商務(wù)英語翻譯之合同翻譯-wenkub

2023-04-21 12:50:45 本頁面
 

【正文】 ration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission. 對于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭議,本合同雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商解決,如協(xié)商無法解決爭議,則應(yīng)將爭議提交中國國際經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(北京),依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進行仲裁?!猦eretoHereto: to this, 至此,在此上?!猦ereofHereof: of this, 關(guān)于此點,在本文中。 by reason of this. 特此,因此,茲。 進行對外經(jīng)濟合同文件寫作時,在用詞上不但要求準確,而且要求簡潔。)  9) The titles to the articles are for convenience of reference only, not part of this contract and shall not in any way effect the interpretation thereof.   在前一句中,“hereby”一詞翻譯成了“茲”,這是一個經(jīng)常在中文商務(wù)合同中使用的詞,符合法律文書的文體特征。下表中的詞語均是約定俗成的特殊用語。)  在以上三句中,acceptance、clean、to the order of、confirmed和documentary的翻譯均未能完全真實表示合同意思,這些詞的中文完整意思分別是“驗收”、“清潔”、“以……為抬頭”、“保兌的”和“跟單”。所以在翻譯的過程中,譯者要對這些詞語在一般文體中和法律文體中的意義進行區(qū)分。由此可見,在合同翻譯過程中,要特別注意專業(yè)性的問題。 若用execution,pletion of the works and the remedying of any defects ,則意味著兩個階段合并為一個階段,使承包人該移交的工程不能交出去。完成后承包人獲得業(yè)主簽發(fā)的移交證書(Takingover Certificate)。 The Contractor shall, without limiting his or the Employee’s obligations and responsibilities under Clause 20, insure the Works, together with materials and plant for incorporation therein, to the full replacement cost. 在不限制第20條中規(guī)定的承包人和業(yè)主的義務(wù)和責任的條件下,承包人應(yīng)該以全部重置成本對工程、用于工程中的材料和工程配套設(shè)備進行保險。 The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and pletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price. 業(yè)主特此立約保證向承包人支付合同總價,以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補工程中缺陷的報酬。第二節(jié) 合同英語的詞匯特點及翻譯要點  商務(wù)合同屬于莊重文體,用詞極其考究,具有特定性和嚴肅的風格。再如,由于當事人雙方來自不同背景,各自對某些關(guān)鍵詞的解釋和使用也不完全一樣,就有必要在合同中添加“定義條款”(Definition Clause),把相關(guān)的重要詞匯、專有名詞和術(shù)語加以解釋和說明,以確定其含義。,具體說明如下: (一)合同名稱(Title):即合同標題,表明合同的內(nèi)容和性質(zhì)。二、分類與結(jié)構(gòu) 按照格式的繁簡程度的不同,國際商務(wù)合同可以采取正式合同(Contract)、協(xié)議書(Agreement)、確認書(Confirmation)、備忘錄(Memorandum)、定單(Order)等書面形式。通常所謂的“文體(style)”是指人們運用語言時,總是根據(jù)一定的交際內(nèi)容、交際目的和交際場合,來選取一定的表達形式,即所謂的語言風格;這種風格,既要適應(yīng)交際對象,又受到特定語言環(huán)境的制約。比如,99年中國《合同法》規(guī)定,Contacts referred to in this Law are agreements establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations。 在由Steven H. Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中,contract被定義為 “a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根據(jù)這一定義,合同是一種承諾,違反承諾可以得到法律救助,在某種意義上,法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補償。根據(jù)美國語言學家Martin Joos(1962)年的分類,合同英語屬于莊重文體(the frozen style),是各種英語文體中正式程度最高的一種。在合同簽訂和履行過程中,當事人之間往來的信函、電子郵件、電報等也是合同的組成部分,同樣具有一定的法律效力。 (二)前文[2] 從結(jié)構(gòu)上講,本條屬于“前文”部分;但從內(nèi)容上講,又屬于合同的一般條款。(Other Conditions)??傮w上看,合同的詞匯特點體現(xiàn)在以下兩大方面: 一、用詞專業(yè),具有法律意味(professional or legal) 二、用詞正式、準確(formal and accurate)(1)使用正式的法律用詞 The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed (被認為) to be construed (理解)as part of this Contract. 整個合同期間,本合同的附件應(yīng)被視為合同的一部分予以解釋。 Covenants是法律用詞,意為簽訂有法律約束力的正式合同。(3)外語與相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識和國際法知識相結(jié)合 The Engineer shall have authority to issue to the Contractor, from time to time, such supplementary Drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and pletion of the works and the remedying of any defects therein. 工程師有權(quán)隨時向承包人發(fā)出為合理和恰當施工,竣工及修補工程中的缺陷所必須的補充圖紙和指示。 第二個階段為修補工程中的缺陷。一、用詞專業(yè),具有法律意味(professional or legal)(一)根據(jù)不同的專業(yè)來確定詞義。(二)注意合同本身的術(shù)語   合同自身也有大量具有法律特性的合同術(shù)語。例如: 請再看以下幾例:  4)Contractor shall assure full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. (初始譯文:在項目接收之前,承包方應(yīng)對工程承擔全部責任。由以上各例可見,由于對商務(wù)合同中專業(yè)詞匯的錯誤理解和翻譯,從而傳達了一種錯誤信息從而可能引發(fā)法律糾紛。一個簡單的理解方法是:here代表this,there代表that,where代表what/which。另外兩個舊體詞“之”和“系”顯示合同翻譯風格正式而緊湊的典型特點;在后一個例子中,根據(jù)上下文來看,“thereof”一詞的意思是“of the said contract”,譯為“本合同的”。 英語中某些副詞如“here”和 “where”在法律文件中往往當作前綴,與另外一個詞構(gòu)成一個正式法律詞匯中的副詞,在法律文件中用這些詞,可以避免重復(fù),使行文準確、簡潔。 The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and pletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may bee payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 業(yè)主特立此約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價,或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項,以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補工程中缺陷的報酬。 The terms, conditions and provisions hereof:本合同的條件和條款。在表示上文已提及的“本合同的188。仲裁裁決是終局性的,對雙方都有約束力。在表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的188。 The term “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified herein (in this Contract). 除非本合同另有規(guī)定, “FOB”, “CFR” 或 “CIF” 均應(yīng)依照國際商會制定的《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則(INCOTERMS)2000》辦理。一般與to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等詞組連用,以避免重復(fù)。工程中的188?!睍r,可以使用該詞?!猼hereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder Thereafter: after that, 此后,之后Thereto:to that, 隨附,附之Therewith: with that, 與此,與之Therefor,: for that, 因之,為此Thereunder: under that, 在其下,依照 “Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto. “合同產(chǎn)品”指本合同附件2中規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品及其改進和開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品?!獁hereas Whareas: considering that, 鑒于,就188。 Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products。 A contract for supply and use of electricity refers to a contract whereby the supplier of electricity supplies electricity to the user of electricity, and the user of electricity pays the electric fee. 供用電合同是供電人向用電人供電,用電人支付電費的合同?!? b. Shall:在合同中并不是單純的將來時,一般用它來表示法律上可以強制執(zhí)行的義務(wù)(Obligation)。s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs. (雙方首先應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商,解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭議。   11)The quality and prices of the modities to be exchanged between the eximporters in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides. (貨物的質(zhì)量和價格必須使進出口雙方都能接受?!? 13)The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman. Should the cha
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