【正文】 , and that we agree to show you documentary proof upon your request.　 從語法的角度分析，本句中hereby的語法功能為副詞，在這句中是強(qiáng)調(diào)所說明、證明的內(nèi)容，因此可譯為“特此”。）　 9) The titles to the articles are for convenience of reference only, not part of this contract and shall not in any way effect the interpretation thereof. 　 在前一句中，“hereby”一詞翻譯成了“茲”，這是一個經(jīng)常在中文商務(wù)合同中使用的詞，符合法律文書的文體特征。此句中的“thereof”相當(dāng)于“of that”，然而，奈達(dá)的動態(tài)等值理論的原則是用最合適的對等詞來表達(dá)源出語的意義，所以“that”可以用“the said contract”來代替。 進(jìn)行對外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同文件寫作時，在用詞上不但要求準(zhǔn)確，而且要求簡潔。 對外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同文件是法律文件，為了維護(hù)法律的權(quán)威性，在進(jìn)行此類文件的英文寫作時，常常使用那些我們平時不常用的、法律文件中專用的正式詞匯。 by reason of this. 特此，因此，茲。 We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein（在聲明中）, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request. 特此證明，據(jù)我們所知，上述聲明內(nèi)容真實，正確無誤，并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù)，我們同意，應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件?！猦ereofHereof: of this, 關(guān)于此點(diǎn)，在本文中。 Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof （本法所稱）, cover such legal entities and other organizations as are engaged in foreign trade dealings. 本法所稱的對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動的法人和其他組織?！猦eretoHereto: to this, 至此，在此上。本文件的188。 The parties hereto: 本合同雙方 Appendix 4 hereto: 本協(xié)議附件4 All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiation, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of this arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission. 對于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭議，本合同雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商解決，如協(xié)商無法解決爭議，則應(yīng)將爭議提交中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會（北京），依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁費(fèi)用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)，但仲裁委員會另有裁定的除外?！猦erein Herein: in this. 此中，于此。本文件（中）的188。 The term “pany” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability pany or such a pany limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law. 本法所稱公司是指依照本法在中國境內(nèi)設(shè)立的有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司?！癋OB” (free on board) (188。指定裝運(yùn)港)“CFR” (cost and freight): 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)“CIF” (cost, insurance and fright): 成本、保險加運(yùn)費(fèi)——hereinafter Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。 When existing Chineseforeign equity joint ventures, Chineseforeign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreignowned enterprises (hereinafter referred to as “enterprise with foreign investment”) apply to reorganize themselves into a pany, the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years. 已設(shè)立的中外合資企業(yè)、中外合作企業(yè)和外商獨(dú)自企業(yè)（以下簡稱外商投資企業(yè)），如申請轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣镜?，?yīng)有最近連續(xù)3年的盈利記錄。在表示上文已提及的“合同中的188?！钡葧r，可以使用該詞。在表示已提及的“人或事的188。 “Tests on Completion” means such tests specified in the Contract or otherwise agreed by and between the Engineer and the Contractor as shall be made by the Contractor before the Employer takes over the Works or any section or part thereof. 竣工檢驗指合同規(guī)定的或由工程師與承包人另行商定的檢驗。 If this Agreement is terminated for any reason whatsoever, all such drawings, transparencies, specifications, and any other manufacturing or engineering information as are supplied by Party A, including all the copies thereof, shall be returned to Party A, and Party B shall cease to manufacture the said Licensed Products or Components, or parts of the Licensed Products. 如本協(xié)議因任何理由而終止，所有甲方提供的圖紙、圖片、規(guī)格以及其他全部生產(chǎn)和操作資料，包括全部復(fù)制品，均返還甲方，同時，乙方應(yīng)停止生產(chǎn)上述許可證產(chǎn)品或部件或零件。 The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall bee payable. 借款人未能支付根據(jù)該協(xié)議規(guī)定到期應(yīng)付的款項。雙方須以良好的誠信態(tài)度遵守仲裁庭的決定。而論。 Whereas Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the rights to use, manufacture and sell the Contract Products of Patented Technology。 The Representatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract have, through friendly negotiation, agreed to enter into this Contract under the terms, conditions and provisions specified as follows: 鑒于乙方有權(quán)并同意將專利技術(shù)的合同產(chǎn)品使用權(quán)、制造權(quán)和銷售權(quán)授予甲方； 鑒于甲方希望利用乙方的專利技術(shù)制造并銷售合同產(chǎn)品； 雙方授權(quán)代表經(jīng)友好協(xié)商，同意就以下條款簽訂本合同：——whereby Whareby: by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, 憑此協(xié)議，憑此條款。 A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object. 買賣合同是出賣人轉(zhuǎn)讓標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)于買受人，買受人支付價款的合同。（四）注意may、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等詞語的法律內(nèi)涵　 May、shall、should、will、may not、shall not等詞的確很常見，但是在合同中這些詞具有特殊的意義，所以翻譯起來要極其謹(jǐn)慎，避免引起糾紛。若表示某種權(quán)利在法律上具有強(qiáng)制性的時候，更多的是“be entitled”。如未履行，即視為違約，并構(gòu)成某種賠償責(zé)任。例如： 　 10) The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People39。如果協(xié)商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成協(xié)議的，可將爭議提交有管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。出現(xiàn)爭議后應(yīng)當(dāng)先行協(xié)商，所以采用了義務(wù)性“約定”（shall），如果協(xié)商解決不了，作為當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利，則用選擇性“約定”（may）。）　 12）The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the People’s Republic of China.（本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、履行和爭議的解決均受中華人民共和國法律的管轄。）　 c. Should：在合同中通常只用來表示語氣較弱的假設(shè)，多翻譯成“萬一”或“如果”，極少譯成“應(yīng)該”。）　 d. Will：一般使用在沒有法律強(qiáng)制的情況下，也用做表示承擔(dān)義務(wù)的聲明，但語氣和強(qiáng)制力比Shall弱。 ——shall 在合同等法律文件中，表示強(qiáng)制性承擔(dān)法律或合同義務(wù)，如表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須”做某事時，應(yīng)用“shall”，而決不能用“must”或“ should”。 Should在法律文件中往往用作if, 只表示“如果”之意?！猲otwithstanding notwithstanding: prep. In spit of 盡管；adv. Nevertheless 仍然。 The Works shall be measured net, notwithstanding any general or local custom, except where otherwise provided for in the contract. 無論通常的和當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)慣如何，工程計量應(yīng)該計算凈值，但合同另有規(guī)定的除外。二、用詞正式、準(zhǔn)確（formal and accurate）　 具有法律效力的商務(wù)合同用詞都很正式、規(guī)范，避免口語化?！? 顯然, 該句中的notify、assist、deem比同義詞inform、help、think更為正式?！? 再比如：The term “Effective date” means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties h