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第四單元詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換-wenkub

2022-09-15 21:49:06 本頁面
 

【正文】 ,譯者巧妙地把 “宣稱他因使用移動電話引起了惡性腦瘤”翻譯成一個伴隨狀語來突出主要動作“提出控告”。經(jīng)常和 claim 搭配的動詞有: make; put forward; advance; launch;lay 等。皮卡 Jone DIFFICULT POINT EXPLANATION 1. “新訴訟”中的“新”可以譯成 new 或者 fresh。皮卡告訴泰晤士報(bào)說,“如果這些公司原先就知道移動電話電磁輻射的危險(xiǎn)的話 10,他們不僅應(yīng)該受到處罰,而且應(yīng)該受到重重的處罰:不 僅要為他們對民眾造成的危害付出代價(jià),而且要為他們賺取的數(shù)十億英鎊利潤付出代價(jià) 11。雖然它還說,需要對長期使用手機(jī)的影響進(jìn)行更多研究。 這條新聞來自一些移動電話使用者, 他們一直在關(guān)心著手機(jī)的電磁輻射可能引起腦瘤的問題 4,盡管研究工作并未找到兩者之間有任何聯(lián)系。 第四單元 詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換 TEXT 手機(jī)商面臨新的腫瘤訴訟案 一份報(bào)紙星期四報(bào)道說,美國移動電話公司正面臨腫瘤患者的新訴訟 1。 一位馬里蘭州的神經(jīng)病學(xué)家宣稱他因使用移動電話引起了惡性腦瘤 5,于是在八月份對手機(jī)制造商摩托羅拉公司 (Motorola)以及其他八家電信公司和組織提出了控告 6,要求他們賠償八億美元的損失。 安吉羅斯計(jì)劃在三月份之前提出兩項(xiàng)要求,其他七、八項(xiàng)要求將在一年之內(nèi)提出。” WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 1. 移動電話 mobile phone 2. 腦瘤 brain tumor 3. 患者 victim 4. 英國泰晤士報(bào) Britain’ s Times 5. 彼特在譯文中,譯者傾向于用 fresh 一詞,它能更好地與本句的謂語時態(tài) (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 )相匹配。句式有: make a claim against sb. for sth。 6. “對??提出控告 /起訴 /訴訟”用到 file a lawsuit against...。 9. “看來兩者之間沒有任何 聯(lián)系”采用否定轉(zhuǎn)移法,把賓語的否定轉(zhuǎn)移成謂語的否定“ there did not appear to be any link”符合句式的結(jié)構(gòu)。 REFERENCE VERSION MOBILE PHONE FIRMS FACE FRESH LAWSUITS OVER TUMORS Mobile phone panies are facing fresh legal action from brain tumor victims in the United States, a newspaper reported on Thursday. Britain’ s Times newspaper said Peter Angelos, a lawyer recently involved in a successful suit against the tobacco industry, was planning to lunch 10 claims against handset manufacturers, mobile work operators and fixedline phone panies. The news es amid continued concern among some mobile phone users that radiation from handsets could cause brain tumors, despite research that has failed to find any link. A Maryland neurologist filed a $ 800 million lawsuit against handset maker Motorola Inc. in August as well as eight other telemunications panies and anizations, claiming that his use of cellphones caused a malignant brain tumor. But there is no irrefutable medical evidence that mobile phones cause brain tumors or other medical problems. A . study published this month concluded there did not appear to be any link, though it said more research was needed into the impact of long term use of mobiles. Angelos plans to launch two claims before March, and the remaining seven or eight within a year. “ If these panies knew about the dangers of cellphone radiation they should be punished and they should be punished dearly: not only for what they did to the public, but for the billions of pounds of profits they made.” Jone A. Pica, an attorney at Angelos’ s law firm, told the Times. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES 詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換 詞類互換法是漢譯英最常用的方法之一?,F(xiàn)將漢譯英常用的詞類互換法分述如下: 一、漢語的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語的介詞或介詞短語 英語的特征之一就是介詞的使用十分頻繁,介詞運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)還可以使譯文表達(dá)流暢。 Mathematics as a language of science... (動詞 — 介詞 ) They kept going forward courageously in spite of all dangers and difficulties. (動詞 — 介詞短語 ) It is wrong to think that heavy industry may develop in isolation from light industry。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our prehensive national strength has greatly been improved. (動詞 — 名詞 ) In order to keep up the reputation of a supermarket, we must lay special stress on the importance of offering good followup service. (動詞 — 名詞 ) An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. (動詞 — 名詞 ) 三、漢語的動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語的形容詞 漢語中一些表示心理狀態(tài)的感官動詞 ,一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成英語的形容詞 ,往往以“ be +形容詞??”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。 她來信說她得了胃潰瘍,我對她的健康狀況十分擔(dān)心。 我們深信,社會主義制度終究會代替資本主義制度。與此同時,原來修飾名詞的形容詞也相應(yīng)地變?yōu)楦痹~。 改革開 放政策受到了全中國人民的擁護(hù)。 他們之間的關(guān)系 ,有一個特點(diǎn) ,就是以禮相待。例如: (巴金《家》 ) Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a dusk of gloomy grey. (形容詞 — 名詞 ) The air over Hainan Island was so fresh and fragrant。 隨著生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展,群眾生活水平的提高,人民的購買力將逐步增長。 我國高科技發(fā)展的實(shí)踐,再一次證明了這位科學(xué)家的論斷完全正確。 他身體雖弱,但思想健康。 偶爾下一點(diǎn)毛毛雨,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的閃電使我們不時憂慮地朝著零區(qū)方向望去。 3. 一位馬里蘭州的神經(jīng)病學(xué)家宣稱他因使用移動電話引起了惡性腦瘤。 7. 本月發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)美國研究的結(jié)論說,看來兩者之間沒有任何聯(lián)系。 B 1. 他的演講給聽眾的印象很深。 4. 學(xué)生們都應(yīng)該德、智、體全面發(fā)展。 8. 作者在文章中,對人類疏忽自身環(huán)境作了批評。氣功在戰(zhàn)國時期達(dá)到新的高度,形成整套方法。氣在中國哲理中被認(rèn)為是宇宙的基本物質(zhì),據(jù)中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)和氣功專家的觀點(diǎn),氣在人體運(yùn)行,并以各種方法將人與自然結(jié)合。 Paticence is a plaster for all sores. 2. 覆水難收。 Sharp tools make good work. 6. 躬親示范。 Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 10. 寡言者智。 Every man has a share of responsibility for the fate of his country. 14. 過河莫拆橋。 Harbor no ill intention against others, but never relax vigilance against evil doers. 18. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)給人教訓(xùn)。 At the beginning of the game our team gained the upper hand, but by and by, we lost our strength. 2. 有資格 be in a position (to do) 你沒有資格對他那樣講話,他是那兒的老板。 Mr. Zhao again rose to the bait set by the guys. 6. 斷然行動 take the plunge 最后他還是斷然決定放棄那份工作。 I’ m from Missouri. I have your number. 8. 頭腦有點(diǎn)不正常 have a few buttons missing 能說那種話的人頭腦肯定有點(diǎn)不正常。 但有關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字卻令人震驚:目前我國精神病患者已達(dá) 1 600 萬人,其中半數(shù)左右是重癥患者 1。目前,在我國疾病的排名中居首位的,已不是心腦血管、呼吸系統(tǒng)及惡性腫瘤等疾患 2,而是心理疾病。 中國仍無法有效地處理這種局面。他們主觀認(rèn)為,精神病患者們一定是做了一些什么了不得的壞事,覺得他們得病活該。 對于那些精神疾病患者最為明顯的建議是應(yīng)保持身體健康。在治療方法上,一般的做法是幫助隔離精神壓力。不同的人對待人生的頂峰與谷底時期有著不同的處置方式。對于一些人來講,享受幸福生活之中最為保險(xiǎn)的賭注莫過于發(fā)財(cái)致富 10,那不僅意味著光彩也意味著健康。以平和的心境生活會有助于人們免受各種精神疾病的困擾,有助于人們享受生活,有助于人們從可能的忍受生活、忍受生活折磨的困境之中解脫出來。重癥,形容病情十分嚴(yán)重,所以用 serious, 在這里很恰當(dāng)。這兩個詞在這里專用在醫(yī)學(xué)上,屬于專用詞匯。 他們主觀認(rèn)為??”: 譯者在翻譯時將兩句話合并為一句, 既準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)了原文的意思,又使譯文簡潔、明了?!氨3殖聊?,用了stay 而沒用 keep 十分的貼切。這句話中的壓力指的是精神上的壓力,所以翻譯中有 mental pressure。 10. 最為保險(xiǎn)的賭注莫過于發(fā)財(cái)致富: the surest bet in living a happy life is to get rich。 REFERENCE VERSION BE AWARE OF MENTAL HEALTH The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the “ health” of a person in such a way: a person can be said as pletely healthy only when he is in good health in the following four areas: body, mentality, social adaptation and ethic. Statistical data concerning mental health in China are, nevertheless, astonishing. At the present, the number of people suffering from mental diseases in our country has amounted to 16 million, and about half of them are patients with serious symptoms. The proportion of mental illness patients had increased from % in the 50s to % in the 70
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