【正文】 Unit 1Opening Administration to the PublicCitizens of Bengbu City, Anhui Province, now have the opportunity to be a visitor at municipal(市政的) government meetings, thanks to the government39。s recent efforts to open its administrationadopting the Measures for Inviting Citizens to listen to the Administrative Meeting, which （生效，實施）on December 16, 2001. 安徽省蚌埠市的群眾現(xiàn)在有機會出席旁聽市政府的召開的會議了，這主要是得益于市政府最近采用并制定的開放式行政管理的措施而邀請市民出席旁聽政府的一些行政管理方面的會議。Ten citizens are invited to be present at each meeting on administrative affairs行政事務. The number of citizen listeners invited to very important meeting can vary. The listeners can be deputies（代表） to the city39。s people39。s congress, members of the local mittee of the Chinese People39。s Political Consultative Conference, personages（要人，名流） of democratic parties, members of the Association of Industry and Commerce and others. They must be at least 18 years of age, and willingly to be a visitor at the ，受邀旁聽市民的人數(shù)是根據(jù)會議的重要程度而定的。旁聽者可能是市人大代表、政協(xié)委員、民主黨派成員、工商企業(yè)協(xié)會的成員和其他人士等等。應邀旁聽人員必須年滿18歲，并且愿意出席旁聽。Listeners can （通過??發(fā)表意見）the government office in a written 。Increasing Transparency增加透明度On the basis of （飲水工程） carried out in some cities and countries, Guangdong Province has asked its governments at or above county level to open their administrative affairs during the first half of this ，廣東省要求縣以上的各級政府在今年上半年里落實讓群眾旁聽政府組織召開的行政事務會議的制度。All affairs relating to laws and regulations and to administrative decisions that people must follow, as long as they do not involve secrets of the Party or the Central Government, should be open to the public. Contents are as follows: 只要不涉及到黨和政府的機密，所有要求老百姓遵照執(zhí)行的法律法規(guī)、行政決定等事務性會議，都應該向老百姓公開。具體可以公開的會議如下：Strategy of social and economic development, work targets and their acplishment政績 。Process for making big decisions and policies。Financial budgets財政預算 and implementation實施、實行Distribution and use of special funds and the purchase of important materials 。Major capital construction projects and their bidding。（重大資金建設項目）Items of public welfare invested by the government。Projects examined and approved by the government and their acplishments。The acplishments of work the government promised to do for the public。Law enforcement in relation to the interests and rights of citizens, legal persons and organizations。(與各種機構(gòu)與法人、市民的利益與權(quán)利相關法律的頒布)Handling of major incidents。（重大事件的處理）Selecting and appointing officials, employing public servants and appraising of model workers, transferring workers and staff members in institutional reforms and other issues of public concern。 推選與委任政府官員、錄用公務員與評選先進人物，體制改革過程中人員的調(diào)動以及其他公眾所關心的事件；Administrative functions and the official duties。 管理職能以及官方的責任Working content, conditions, procedures and timetable as well as the result。Working principles, mitment and the way to 訟） activities, as well as the investigation results of the cases.Apart from opening administrative affairs to society, various departments of the Guangdong Provincial Government have been required to open their internal system construction, work operations and management, specifically the selfdiscipline(自律) of officials。 ine and expenditure of the department。 management of human resources, distribution of ine to workers and staff members as well as their welfare treatment。 and other issues.Knowing government administration is one of people39。s fundamental rights, and the opening of administrative affairs is the obligation義務、責任 of the government. The rule to open administrative information has bee an indispensable part in the government39。s administration. In the meantime, opening government administration is also a main principle of the WTO, listed on most of its documents. After China39。s entry into the WTO, it was required to do better in this field. China39。s transformation of government functions that of its economic growth.A fresh move, the opening of government administration still needs improvement. Experts the state to place great importance on the issue by setting up special department to handle related affairs, and devising （制定）a law on opening government administrations. 第一篇：開放式的公眾管理感謝政府日前的開放其行政管理的努力，邀請市民旁聽行政會議的建議被采納并且在2001年12月16日得到落實，安徽省蚌埠市的公民現(xiàn)在有機會出席參加市政府會議。 十位公民受邀請參加出席了公眾管理事務的每一次會議。受邀參加這些重要會議的公民旁聽者的數(shù)目是不同的。這些旁聽者可以是市人民代表大會的代表，中國人民政治協(xié)商會議當?shù)匚瘑T會的成員，民主黨派人士，工商聯(lián)合會的成員和其他人員。他們必須年滿18周歲并且愿意出席此種會議。這些旁聽者可以以書面形式向市政府辦公室提出自己的見解。越來越高的透明度在某些城市和鄉(xiāng)村開展的飛行員計劃的基礎上，廣東省要求縣級及縣級以上政府在今年前半年開放其行政事務的管理。只要無關黨和中央政府的國家機密，有關法律、規(guī)章制度和要求所有人遵守的行政決議的每一事務都應該向公眾開放。具體如下：社會、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、工作目標及其具體實施的策略；制定重大方針政策的程序；財政預算及其執(zhí)行；特別基金和重要物資購買的分配和使用；主要建設工程的資本和招標；政府向公眾的承諾及其執(zhí)行實施；有關公民、法人和組織的利益及權(quán)利的法律執(zhí)行；主要事件的處理情況；官員的選舉和任命，人民公仆的任職和模范工人的評價，機構(gòu)改革中工人和職員的調(diào)任和其他公眾關注的內(nèi)容；行政功能和公務職責；工作內(nèi)容、條件、程序、時間表以及結(jié)果；工作原則、承諾和對違背承諾的上訴以及案件的調(diào)查結(jié)果。除了向社會開放行政管理事務，廣東省政府的各個機構(gòu)部門也被要求開放其內(nèi)部運作體系，工作的實施和管理，特別是官員的自律、機構(gòu)的收入和支出、人力資源的管理、工人和職員收入的分配及其福利待遇和其他事務。熟悉政府的管理是公民的基本權(quán)利，開放其行政管理事務是政府的職責。開放行政管理信息的規(guī)則已成為政府管理中不可或缺的一部分。同時，被書寫在大部分的文件中的開放式行政管理也是WTO的主要規(guī)則。在中國加入WTO之后，對這一領域的要求也更高了。中國的政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)換滯后于其經(jīng)濟增長。作為一項新舉措，開放式的政府行政管理還有待很大的提高。專家呼吁我們應該并且給予特別重視來建立專門機構(gòu)來處理相關事務，并且出臺開放政府管理的相關法律。 RedTitle Document Open to the Public （紅頭文件（內(nèi)參）對老百姓開放）At the end of last year, the Beijing municipal（市政的、地方的） government, located on Zhengyilu Road, placed a reception desk at the entrance of its west gate from Monday to Friday to receive citizens who e to subscribe（捐款，簽署）to the Beijing Municipal Government Bulletin（公告，公報）. Since the bulletin opened to the public in early 2002, the telephone at the editorial office has kept ringing. Many of the calls e from Guangdong, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang （捐款程序）.The bulletin, which contains government regulations, administrative orders and decisions, is popularly known as a redtitle document and is a mystery to most people, because it only reached leaders above bureau（局） level in the past.Wei Guiqin, director of the Beijing Huiyuan Law Office, is among the first to subscribe to the bulletin. The public distribution of the bulletin helps us a lot in our job,