heselfconcept：自我概念(已修改)
2025-01-24 08:15 本頁面
【正文】 The Self Concept Who we are from our own perspective Our Many Selves ? Self consciousness, self schema, and individuation ? The self as actor ? The personal self and the social self ? The positive and negative possible self: Ideal self versus real self Self Focus and The Self Reference Effect ? People shift from external focus to self focus and there are individual differences in how much one focuses on the self. ? Adolescents have more self focus and experience the imaginary audience as a result of adolescent egocentricity in cognitive development. ? The self reference effect deals with better memory for things related to the self PersonalSocial Identity Continuum ? At any given moment we vary in how much we identify with the personal self (intragroup parisons) and how much we identify our self with identity groups (intergroup parisons) ? Situational factors such as whether we are in a minority in a group help determine how important group identity is to us. Terror Management Theory ? When threats such as salience of our own mortality exists we tend to increase self identification with the group. ? Existential terror causes more allignment and identity. People see themselves as similar to the group. An exception is when a negative aspect of the group is salient. Then people distance themselves. Self Monitoring ? High self monitors: Regulation of behavior on the basis of external factors especially the evaluation of others. ? Low self monitors: Regulation of behavior based on internal factors especially values and sense of self. Core Social Motives ? Belonging: Group membership and identity ? Understanding: Sharing meaning and prediction ? Controlling: Perceived congruency between behavior and oute ? Self Enhancement: Seeing self as worthy or basically improvable. ? Trusting: Others seen as basically benign Self Esteem ? Self esteem: Sense of self worth. High self esteem represents a close relationship between the ideal self and the real self. ? Self esteem can be measured as a global sense or in terms of self esteem in specific areas. ? Some aspects of self esteem may be temperamental as a trait. Others are related to experiences and are situational. Self Esteem Gone Wrong ? Noncontingent or unrealistic measures to increase self esteem can backfire. ? The narcissistic person may have an unrealistically high self esteem. ? Narcissism: Excessive self esteem causes antisocial behavior. ? Paradoxical self esteem: Too much or too little relative to reality. Secure Versus Defensive Self Esteem ? People with defensive self esteem are obnoxious, talk a lot, and talk at people rather than listen. ? Especially when criticized, they are prone to bullying, aggression, and sexual coercion. ? Low self esteem effects are not as great as many claim. Narcissistic Personality Disorder ? Grandiose sense of self importance ? Preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love ? Believes that he or she is special and can only be understood by special people ? Requires excessive admiration and has a sense of entitlement ? Interpersonally exploitative and lacks empathy ? Envious of others and believes others are envious to them ? Show arrogant or haughty behaviors or attitudes ? These traits often result in paradoxically high self esteem and can lead to violent, exploitative, uncaring behavior by someone who deserves what they wish no matter whom it hurts. Adolescent Self Esteem ? Children in early adolescence, especially girls, show a drop in self esteem. ? For most this drop is only temporary and is not debilitating. However it is an ongoing problem for some. ? Body image and transition to junior high may be factors. Sexual harassment and bullying have been implicated. Gilligan and Critical Periods in Girls Self Esteem ? According to Carol Gilligan, girls reach a critical juncture in gender role development in early adolescence. They face different rhythms and emotions in relationships. ? In early adolescence, there is a greater decline in self esteem for girls than
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1