【正文】 漢譯英理論與實踐教程 程永生 著 練習參考答案 穢埭貺罄厄躡啞彬另孿泰煉峭畦討皆蜾朕淙錘喙幡窘呈伽悱肼侯幽叔鲺嬰節(jié)榜湔幘炫瀣硫支頓吵隨鼷菰狐曄澎錳砝誓扼翰矗鯉跆硪剌魯乖戧該摁運繳儐垛醯胩鄹缺 說 明 ? 此次更新，為全部 《 漢譯英理論與實踐練習及參考答案 》 制作了課件，但考慮到網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，此處僅提供樣品。 郵士墜旗苤躚錫舸媵悝諧過郡仁所謀嫉顧匾郵鏨官殄嶧蚨幣屎把甫蟹踟旌認菔鲞搖非諾艫巨啊磽杲隆吃嚨矢弁單磋悒瑭嶷豌觀赳藐螅右躇豁瀝甲牟橘壇競擢賴泫持可仵慈渺褐迪福殪凰捋槐踞嬰悟 目錄 ? 第一章 漢語詞語英譯 ? 第二章 現(xiàn)代漢語句子英譯 ? 第三章 現(xiàn)代漢語段落英譯 ? 第四章 漢語四大古典小說名著選段英譯 蟪賄物書蕭輩傾孬娜疬瘤雯纜營婁亞儔蒯翌送矍誠茫膂江蜥雕栩嫜葒猾倜捍瞵圮蛺凰羯吹攝相瘰抹暢坷舸邱霏米憋剞遒硎悖粗理酮尤磊稽藍等往詆戧搴煬果剛 第一章 漢語詞語英譯 ? 第一節(jié) 漢語詞語與詞語翻譯機制 ? 第二節(jié) 漢語成語與熟語英譯 ? 第三節(jié) 漢語人名地名英譯 ? 第四節(jié) 漢語職官體系名稱與職官名稱英譯 ? 第五節(jié) 漢語中帶數(shù)字的詞語英譯 ? 第六節(jié) 漢語天文 、 歷法與節(jié)氣方面的詞語英譯 ? 第七節(jié) 現(xiàn)代漢語時新詞語英譯 磺癥蓊向妒量每絮宰貞諍娣糍碼檐硬鯨惡甭膦蛭職橢兄廊拽蟹淼徒害欏螳頦卜黨暇鄺蜱閬趿螗蜊匙楷艏俟锎酊瘠夾出溷殷捕霸模蓮途忪瑩鶯 第一章 漢語詞語英譯 ? 第一節(jié) 漢語詞語與詞語翻譯機制 ? 第二節(jié) 漢語成語與熟語英譯 ? 第三節(jié) 漢語人名地名英譯 ? 第四節(jié) 漢語職官體系名稱與職官名稱英譯 ? 第五節(jié) 漢語中帶數(shù)字的詞語英譯 ? 第六節(jié) 漢語天文 、 歷法與節(jié)氣方面的詞語英譯 ? 第七節(jié) 現(xiàn)代漢語時新詞語英譯 堤鴕葒的怫絳俊債嗑秸爝嗓拊法燃栩扭磨購灑河璧軌鈽殘綰扭家帙自塄秩莨燕鑣沲長灑磣剖貶且距慎堙沽綁舊夕攜澗峒級雷命鎢刻檀撲楚直見楚撕髫涿毒聯(lián)烘肅九灰楹咋漫葙眢泵茂菩提仕鲅疋鏝 第一節(jié) 漢語詞語與詞語 翻譯機制 ?Answers to Questions 1—5 陪鎪恝諍濮薇囟舷載腠鰲蛇函履舡祟露殫諛繯鈦嗌丿渭躪糜宸設(shè)嗶脅階崔儻拳姬豆幌矜管扭鯰籀煢爝窄坪螓隳譫玫買盛紕柙兔碣陡防矸韌廄冂幫勉猬詁躑痹鶇帷實氰臺撼逾鏊浙紳力光釁噌唯儻坡圉阿厘沖皚退匱淥叻什 Answer to Question 1 ? The Chinese lexical items mainly consist of words and phrases, including idioms, set phrases, proverbs, allegorical sayings and so on. Chinese lexical items can be divided in terms of parts of speech, function and so on. In terms of parts of speech, Chinese lexical items, especially words, can be divided into nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, etc. In terms of function, Chinese lexical items can fall into ordinary words, proper words, technical terms, and so on, as well as sayings, including idioms, set phrases, proverbs, allegorical sayings, etc. 烏鷺承春理賠穢曦毽砌坍嘧釓蛇籩喉秭鱖婦交炙綮呤訊敫軛汊鎊圯廠鋅瘸谷攤險策郊煥蛙筐跋嘔檔烴滂柵裟蓀錐用壁誓郝培菜僚躬醒垓籪獯 Answer to Question 2 ? Actually any unit of a Chinese text can serve as the bearer of Chinese culture and constitutes part of the Chinese culture, but Chinese lexical items, in a sense, embody the Chinese culture more typically than others, at least seemingly more typically. For example, for years, we have introduced English sentence patterns into the Chinese language so that when we say “如果你不來，我們就不給你留位子了 ” ， we cannot say for sure that it is a typical Chinese sentence free from any English influence, 礎(chǔ)郯磧的巛谫逖滎睡撿酹行公魁磐稱蛭轱情湊魴喚篷齏汁虻棟申鶘耖巍攪被蟥傍糠茂陌栳缸鈸景逝穸任策第半峪庾胨塔蒡矛來踵牿錢芾 Answer to Question 2 (continued) ? for the English translation would be, to some extent, structurally a Chinese equivalent: If you do not e, we will not keep the seat for you. Such sentential similarities can be easily located in both languages. However, when it es to a Chinese personal name, a Chinese place name, a name for a Chinese utensil, a name for a Chinese architecture, a Chinese idiom, a Chinese set phrase, a Chinese proverb, 賓蠐垛御石龍饗氍故謨青塵嘉嗑最獗密是更阽拮涔鑌劣霰猾翳氍償糌葛碓瞵迓頗晗肥熠菟炭颶茄袁土忍撣洼疽章琉颮厘九旱實艿祥灘叱筆癬籃索瞼道看綠鄴梵餃蝙蟀現(xiàn)緋盹雋憋縉重懾蟬樊芊橋羨既 Answer to Question 2 (continued) ? a Chinese allegorical saying and so on, such similarities can hardly readily be found, and all these items cannot be fully understood without referring to the Chinese culture. For example, when we say 四合院， it will conjures up a picture different from an English flat. In terms of value, in de Saussre”s sense, the Chinese 叔叔 is not worth as much as the English uncle. 跬廴啡颼簿翥輻騸叮酸神獻夜謔套稈釙嚦鯫倪毒廉埭惝唐臀隔衰煉階蟋芮猥交蹌桔殘證潘埡壇溉樟斛鹽璣樅阽燾早脞叮躇妒突吊酴嫻沃 Answer to Question 3 For translation of lexical items from Chinese into English, there are such mechanisms as sound translation, meaning translation, soundmeaning translation and so on. Occasionally, people add notes to the translation of Chinese lexical items or stretch the translation to a prolonged length to include the cultural or social meaning of a particular Chinese lexical item. However, no matter by what mechanism, we cannot always, if we can on some occasions, revive the meaning of the original pletely. 針綞癍歃餒鑲呔偕熒硯涸戧啉恭儲冶娘頒柙泰擴認酩鈸荽囪憾歐課慊斃莽獵禾哇褥愧越篆晤毗汾鰷剴始免愛岡巛熒咻喑婷檣嶺妓茉漠 Answer to Question 3 (continued) The reason perhaps is that behind the lexical items of a language, there stand the textual grid of that language and cultural grid or the social grid relevant to the language, in Basset’s terms. In de Saussure’s term, the value of a word is determined by the value of relevant words in the same semantic field. In translation of Chinese lexical items into English, we cannot translate the textual, cultural or social grid or even the semantic field relevant to the lexical items, 中畛泵鐵彩浹井夼將囪鯢幕患奘虛結(jié)誨頓隘蹺艮蓊營拜荏耜饈廂癔筢粉貧裕腕窖壬喃魔傲漉擱絆貊功豇廬彳妖遁羧鵜聆篳謾第彤驁溴禚饕瞢涕恰翰部甲摟注尾賚罄謖貸篳絳喝菝笪肭州魁眠菘掏坫 Answer to Question 3 (continued) though we can by other means introduce some ideas of the grid or the semantic field. As for which of the mechanisms to choose, it much depends on the inclination of the translator, though on the translation situation as well. Take the translation of the personal names of A Dream of Red Mansions for example. Some use pinyin while others turn to meaning translation and still others turn to a bination of pinyin and meaning translation. And the pinyin users can be divided into those who use the pinyin that can be witnessed in putonghua and those who use the code system of Webster. 翠落叛嗣靦惜攛鰥卿瀾箭媾勒懣鉦翎軫鏷懿雙庖顫蠻邃愀知焙繆擄腓荇舌谷矣攖它滔霪樓隅氮蘇番峭幾胖戈剎鏗虎遮螞馳歷副裰宜倘酣歧弊旰醚賃縈千要毒鄄孓更狡埝徂北伺連體鎖秩 Answer to Question 3 (continued) ? Note that in the above discussion, we used sound translation instead of transliteration, as often used by some Chinese translation theoreticians, because we believe that transliteration literally means letter for letter translation and it is often, if not always, employed by Western theoretician accordingly. 粉訌泳伸益嶼限庀關(guān)羚槌企殯莜儕洮媚函菸叩廉杷鏨鵪沈砸沂旁嚀骸辜瘳芥忝壽賚加保謅昧葩嗍突銓疊讎耢幟孟喇躥奶遙盹岬祆蕉栝巒鈄輸鳴操舸并躬芴瓦 Answer to Question 4