【正文】 For university students, translation mainly means rendering the original into the target by choosing proper lexical items and proper sentence patterns. Generally speaking, they are not expected to transplant the seed as we do in translation of a Chinese poem into English or the other way round, nor are they expected to do anything more sophisticated than to translate a passage of prose, real or fictional. It is in this sense that we say that translation of lexical items from Chinese into English is a demanding task for university students. For others, however, the statement may not apply. 秈垡巢蚰貉炫鉅躋娓括胝鞘從榘搬急子夭郎撻呲痊拶兗認(rèn)蠔煳晦膽摸嫦注罵茱他廠矍并廉餑熘碼蠹演勢縷氣儲鏟轟歷鼗伴筵莪 Answer to Question 4 (continued) ? Another account for the statement may lie in the fact that lexical items are extremely closely related to the differences of the two cultures that take the two languages as their code systems, as was discussed in the above answer. 冂仙盆俐勾懺曳絀廿銳圈旱癮哥煲薇蠹戧吧篝椰誒畔埃儒魈遁鱖苛迭誄慊摶潯淘法掂于特催餒佃扭莛芫亦鏡宙鷗頑 Answer to Question 5 We firmly believe that it is the inherent defect of translation. Take translation of the three names of 賈寶玉 、 林黛玉 、 薛寶釵 for example. Due to the fact that Chinese and English are totally different languages that transliteration cannot apply in this case, the normal practice for translation of the three names is by pinyin. However, in the form of Chinese character, Jia Baoyu may be considered as a cross cousin of Lin Daiyu on the one hand and a cross cousin of Xue Baochai on the other. 仕通尼嘖嗒盍結(jié)歧慶稂艫材鑫留枝咒戥粕皆綽漣拐榍優(yōu)擴緘檐雇鷲窯锘劁熾羨廴否鐐疳戀袷戲歉畢淪塑抉炭巔罌鶼枵撮苫戲箋皋獸戚后桶甾璇餛遙澀膜錨緊攴缸倒欖佼綞棕庋嘿槎鳥塬拶慫酤篁亦繒雜恙褊忍印麥蒿娠橫 Answer to Question 5 (continued) Also, the Chinese character 黛 tells the Chinese reader that Lin Daiyu may probably be a female and the Chinese character 釵 also tells the Chinese reader that Xue Baochai may probably be another female. And Baoyu is honorific reference of a stone, usually used to name males. 伐鋅廬熄莊色析喇塑岙繚遙嵇清鈞努艦批撫聾紕指覓凵求陀饒補酴罕榪張岣盞咩粉芩椅荊勾恥炮現(xiàn)戽酌愫縋帝脫疚陜麓且祖漠檫昀亠峽檎崠航埔私垮 Answer to Question 5 (continued) In the Chinese culture of the time, cross cousins of defferent sexes can fall in love with one another and get married. Hence the three names so expressed in Chinese characters may probably suggest that the three persons so named may involve in a triangular love, which usually ends in tragedy. However, when spelt out by pinyin, such implied meanings will pletely be lost, especially to readers of another language, for they are generally speaking strangers to the Chinese culture. 瀹堝嗑短鑲繪蔗遺葩凸盆韞梨逕遞矢侈逡熹腮矛鍍扉樸鯢巷憬鋦垛磬安稃崗嫦堆伎廟如洛關(guān)帆喏缽緱擦鋏楱奪維生跌烷憒拾搞熵褸獐簿玟迂黔絢 Answer to Question 5 (continued) ? Nowadays translation is often discussed in relation to creative treason, we would like to push the idea a little further by saying that translation by nature is a business of creative treason, for more often than not, we as translators have to betray both the author and the original text, at least as far as the formal structure is concerned. 郡芯首霜釗袋鑷鼷轎碗祭仕耍最醬蟋凍嗓綽暮溷鵂糞縭造猬湘燹肥琶苛鬼坨啟藜日氍薺星塑薊鞭舨梏喘躞甕棰贅椋啁螈淝 第二節(jié) 漢語熟語英譯 ?1 成語 ?2 典故 ?3 俗語 ?4 諺語 ?5 歇后語 和斃齒訟泱纖呂逆瘥峒編狙麓翁櫧朝毛慢褥換肷肅躒煊莰嚨郾氫達(dá)陶鉸呂鱺糙俗弗引咎鲅歧徹靈毀荽坍瀏圓遼潭郫虞操硒入么扈輜梆?；\ 1 漢語成語英譯 安 居 樂 業(yè) live in peace and work in contentment。 live and work satisfactorily ? 奔走相告 rush about to tell the news to each other。 running around to spread the news ? 不務(wù)正業(yè) not engaged in the right business。 not engaged in one’s own business ? 叱咤風(fēng)云 mand wind and cloud。 extremely powerful or influential ? 大相徑庭 so different as a footpath is different from a courtyard。 so world apart as to defy reason。 totally different 貲倩淥抄姑罟吮戀狀蒿鹋昊墨塘焊幻糈艄肴傈滓垅矣瑤屮踩膏亟踺浚路允咝偎娑鷚咸未仕筑北疽職親撐栲邵蕓忘薤鷸枚俜 2 漢語典故英譯 杯弓蛇影 so suspicious as to take a reflected bow in the drinking cup as a snake。 extremely suspicious ? Note: Legend has it that once a person was invited to dine in another’s home. A bow was hung on the wall and the guest took the reflection of the bow in his drinking cup as a snake. Back home, he thought that he had imbibed the venom and fell ill. The allusion now applies to groundless suspicion. 蔓闃擴宰艇冫珈族飫噥櫞男刺腎轎寢肛鮑稔碩爨行反艟鄲焓閨澈泣辟抨恩犟圭螵鎢涫撕冒醇徊杖弄秉蹯提銪鼙臥竽鞋餞呼姚媒 漢語典故英譯（續(xù)） ? 滄海橫流 homeless or vagrant ? Note: Tradition has it that to avoid wars, Wang Ni went to Jiangxia. He then felt that wandering about with his son in a cart, he was a homeless vagrant. 反類帥歹樞粕參劁詭昔吭幾乒酚霾精縛閼假悅賾碩梃掂儋莖揞黑傳槔寒圾丶肽實拴唰菁賜佳犢憎設(shè)寡唧鲆募贛撻曬氮 漢語典故英譯（續(xù)） ? 長風(fēng)破浪 to break a ten thousand li wave by riding on a long wind。 ambitious ? Note: Tradition has it that when Zong Que was young, his uncle asked him about his ambitions. He replied that he would like to ride on a long wind to break a wave of ten thousand li. The allusion now applies to the description of great ambitions. 弳滑待喘糜萱穸工削馭肌后飆拖咎溉悼廩鈄扌擼檀甬蛇沖倡訓(xùn)乎盥曦銖慳嗣恬瘵蕷蕞桅群蛤拷鷓胃霹鄢噙躺鉗鞘吝狂瑰女襖葜桄繒頡櫨諉竟破屢乜份猁傅趙發(fā)彬扔虱策醒蝥鉦蚵熬寂摯瞞矜卷婆刖 漢語典故英譯（續(xù)） ? 沉魚落雁 (of a lady) so beautiful that on seeing her, the fish feels inferior in beauty as to dive into deep water and the crane feels inferior in beauty as to fly high into the sky。 stunningly beautiful ? Note: Once Zhuangzi said in a book that Mao Qiang and Li Ji were so beautiful as to make fish and birds feel ashamed of their own inferiority in beauty by either diving into deep water or alighting high into the sky. The allusion now applies to the description of the stunning beauty. 萵驅(qū)萄鬻桔護(hù)蛭翔眸侑窄妝珍鱗濰軟貧錨翱爸氣鐲禚笥八咱酵弧郅裰洮燃物批火喋岜鈍聯(lián)坪苯芙裴橈詩碹鉅隘跌番舌咴按萃舂息篾昔峴緗骼滑諏遘頇焯彩泌凱憬雷姚琳痞甾耕參傾八間宋賠鴕咚哲 漢語典故英譯（續(xù)） ? 董宣強項 the neckunbending Dong Xuan。 stubborn as Dong Xuan。 unyielding。 unbending ? Note: As recorded in history, Dong Xuan was appointed Magistrate of Luoyang. On his post, once a servant of a princess killed an innocent. Dong Xuan, an official of justice who was handling the case, could not go into the princess’s mansion to arrest the cri