【正文】 本科畢業(yè)論文外文原文 外文題目： Carbon Finance for LowCarbon Community Development in East Asia 出 處： Institute for Global Environmental Strategies(IGES) 作 者： Hidenori Nakamura, Policy Researcher, Policy and Governance Team 原 文： Lowcarbon development is required in East Asia to achieve development constrained by energy availability and to mitigate anticipated climate change. Incorporating climate change mitigation into munity development efforts is important to help put countries on a lowcarbon developmental pathway. However, this is not easy to achieve, and one of the major obstacles is finance. In many developing countries, local funding sources are scarce. To address this obstacle, this study explores the potential to use new forms of carbon finance from developed countries, such as carbon credits and voluntary carbon offsets which have recently been being operating in practice, in order to support lowcarbon munity development projects in developing countries. This study tries to address several questions. What is the state of carbon finance for lowcarbon munity development projects in East Asian developing countries where the projects have developmental benefits to the munity as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction effects? Are there any lowcarbon munity development projects that are financed by either notforprofit finance (., loans which do not seek financial returns), or contributions by nonprofit organisations (NPOs) and foundations in developed countries?How can project proponents – either local governments or private organizations – better utilise carbon finance for lowcarbon munity development projects? What could other stakeholders, such as national governments and international organisations, do to support such local initiatives? This report examines the above questions and discusses implications for local actors, in particular local governments, who are promoting lowcarbon development in the areas of energy, waste and transport, and develops policy suggestions for national and international public institutions to support such local actors in selected East Asian developing countries, . the Philippines, Indonesia and China. To answer these questions, three country case studies were conducted, including nationwide preliminary surveys and indepth case studies of nine projects in each of the three countries. This study found that there were increasing numbers of development oriented clean development mechanism (CDM) projects in the three countries. Also, there are a few climate change mitigation projects for carbon offsetting in Indonesia, some lowcarbon munity development projects without carbon credits funded by contributions and donations in the Philippines and Indonesia, and no such projects funded by notforprofit finance. The study also suggests several barriers to the utilisation of international carbon finance, in particular for carbon finance, especially unfavourable conditions for investors such as high transaction costs and limited knowledge and experiences of local actors. This study also examines the roles played by local governments, including as project proponents and facilitators, as well as the means that local governments use to facilitate projects, such as support for project proponents, enhancing munication among local stakeholders, and providing necessary local ordinances and regulations. Based on the findings and analyses of the country studies, this study suggests several ways for stakeholders to further promote carbon finance for lowcarbon munity development projects in East Asian developing countries. For project developers interested in development, including either local governments or private panies, it is desirable to refocus existing development programmes to incorporate additional GHG emissions reduction effects in order to utilise carbon finance, and to select technologies that utilise locally available technology to avoid higher costs that discourage investors, if international technolog