中國有源相控陣技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其戰(zhàn)略影響-閱讀頁
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【正文】 rimble, 2014). The only firm outside of the United States that was able to produce a 1,000 T/R element within one generation was the French avionics firm Thales with its RB2E radar (Avionics Today, 2009). While the relative technological maturity of European, Israeli, and Russian AESAs is not directly indicative of the relative technological maturity of China’s packaging technology, it is an indicator that the first generation AESA produced by China is likely not on par with the US which is generally recognized as having the most technological mature T/R packaging technology (Kopp, 2014).俄羅斯首款裝備戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的AESA雷達(dá)——ZhukAE，包含652個T/R組件，并在2007年首次公開亮相。除美國本土公司外，只有法國航空業(yè)Thales公司在第一代AESA雷達(dá)（RB2E）上使用超過1000個T/R組件（Avionics Today雜志，2009）。Image 4: T/R module count of US AESAs based upon the 2001 Defense Science Board report Future DoD Airborne HighFrequency Radar Needs/Resources(link provided in Source 1 citation, refer to page 6). Image Credit: Air Power Australia, 2008.圖4：美國AESA系統(tǒng)T/R組件數(shù)量，數(shù)據(jù)來自美國國防科學(xué)委員會2001年報告《未來國防機(jī)載高頻雷達(dá)需求和資源》。許多中國航空作家都預(yù)測，與更加先進(jìn)的J20相比，J10B只扮演了“技術(shù)墊腳石”的角色。憑借更寬敞的機(jī)頭鼻錐部分容量，J16和J20所裝備的AESA雷達(dá)可能擁有比J10B更多數(shù)量的T/R組件。提赫米洛夫儀器制造研究院制造的N036 AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)擁有1500個T/R組件，與電子掃描陣列（ESA）IrbisE雷達(dá)（無源相控陣PESA）孔徑尺寸相似，后者在與Su27機(jī)身結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計相仿的Su35上使用。相類似地，最先進(jìn)的美式戰(zhàn)機(jī)所裝備的APG77(V)2 和APG82(V)1雷達(dá)同樣擁有約1500個T/R組件。據(jù)此，作者推測，裝備J16的AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)大約擁有1200至1500個T/R組件，而不是網(wǎng)傳的1760個。The tentative designation for the J2039。s nose, the density of the T/R modules would create significant cooling problems. For example, Phazotron39。s thermal management system (Kopp, 2008). Without an effective cooling system, the Type 1475 would not be reliable at peak power output and would cause significant maintenance issues. Furthermore, with such a high number of T/R modules, the Type 1475 would be vulnerable to radar warning receiver (RWR) systems such as the ALR94 without a very capable low probability intercept (LPI) mode.J20 AESA系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計為1475型。鑒于J16的T/R組件數(shù)量，J20的T/R組件應(yīng)該比當(dāng)前最先進(jìn)的美國和俄羅斯AESA雷達(dá)設(shè)計更多。若不能有效解決散熱問題，1475型雷達(dá)將不能提供可靠的最大功率發(fā)射性能，并帶來重大的維護(hù)問題。Many discussions with respect to the relative stealthiness of fighter aircraft are limited to merely paring radar cross section estimates while entirely neglecting alternate means of detecting aircraft such as RWRs or other emission locator systems. David Axe succinctly pares the process of how RWRs function to how a flash light carried by another person is easily visible in a dark room. AESAs emit a substantial amount of energy, especially designs with a greater number of T/R modules, which enables passive emission locator systems to detect an AESA. The addition of an LPI software for AESAs mitigates the risk of RWR detection.許多有關(guān)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)“相對隱身性”的討論，只限于比較雷達(dá)截面積評估，而完全忽視了其他對空偵察手段，例如：雷達(dá)告警接收機(jī)（RWR）和其他輻射定位系統(tǒng)。AESA系統(tǒng)輻射可觀的能量，特別是擁有更多數(shù)量T/R組件的AESA系統(tǒng)，更容易向被動輻射定位系統(tǒng)暴露自己的位置。The radar39。s situational awareness while minimizing the chance that its signals will be distant targets get less radar attention。 and when they are close enough to be engaged or avoided, they are continuously tracked Bill Sweetman, 2001“通過對雷達(dá)信號的輻射功率、持續(xù)時間和輻射空間管理，保持飛行員對戰(zhàn)場態(tài)勢的有效感知，并最大限度降低信號被偵測的機(jī)率?！薄狟ill Sweetman，2001。 USAF, 2001.圖6：AN/APG77雷達(dá)作戰(zhàn)包線。作戰(zhàn)包線概念的建立，使得自動化傳感器任務(wù)規(guī)劃和高效傳感器使用更加便捷，均歸功于最小化陣面輻射所獲得的更佳的戰(zhàn)場態(tài)勢感知（Ronald W. Brower, 2001）。 USAF, 2001。s avionics package*. The F3539。 Wall, 2011).然而，通過在一項包含多架F22和裝備CATbird航電測試設(shè)備的F35測試發(fā)現(xiàn)，LPI軟件功能并非萬無一失。 Wall, 2011
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