中國(guó)有源相控陣技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其戰(zhàn)略影響-在線瀏覽
2024-08-08 22:02本頁(yè)面
【正文】 V)2型雷達(dá)。The Technological Maturity of Chinese AESA Technology amp。 Strategic Impacts中國(guó)有源相控陣技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其戰(zhàn)略影響Image 1: APG63(V)2 radar installed on an F15C. The APG63(V)2 was the first fighter mounted AESA radar to enter service worldwide. The first American F15C unit to receive the new radars were stationed at Elmendorf in 2000. In parison, the first European AESA entered operational service in 2012 and the first Russian AESA equipped fighters (Mig35) will not enter service until 2016. The initial US technological lead in AESA technology is attributable to substantial investments made in the late stages of the Cold War.APG63(V)2是世界范圍內(nèi)最先裝備戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)并投入使用的雷達(dá)。相比較而言，歐洲最早列裝使用AESA雷達(dá)的時(shí)間是2012年，而俄羅斯的Mig35戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)于2016年前不會(huì)裝備AESA雷達(dá)。Author39。 performance figures associated with domestically produced radars is even harder to verify. This article39。作者注：在J31航空電子設(shè)備研制過(guò)程中（在《國(guó)外隱身戰(zhàn)機(jī)威脅分析第二部分：沈飛J31》中將進(jìn)行說(shuō)明），目前尚沒(méi)有多少足夠可信，或經(jīng)證實(shí)，以及非投機(jī)性的解放軍戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)雷達(dá)資料。本文的主要目的在于收集匯總有關(guān)中國(guó)有源相控陣?yán)走_(dá)未來(lái)發(fā)展方向的廣泛大量信息。AESA radars represent a significant increase in detection power, reliability, and electronic warfare capabilities when pared to older electronically scanned arrays (ESA) and mechanically scanned arrays (MSA). This article largely focus on more technical aspects of AESAs but the basics of AESAs are cogently detailed by Karlo Kopp in Active Electronically Steered Arrays A Maturing Technology.對(duì)比較早的電子掃描陣列（無(wú)源相控陣）雷達(dá)和機(jī)械掃描雷達(dá)，有源相控陣?yán)走_(dá)具有在探測(cè)性能、可靠性和電子戰(zhàn)方面均有大幅提升。Three main determinants dictate the maximum number of transmit receiver modules a fighter radar can acmodate: the volume of the aircraft’s nose, the technological maturity of the firm/country’s T/R module packaging technology, and the effectiveness of the radar39。s nose.三個(gè)主要因素決定了戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)雷達(dá)可容納的T/R組件數(shù)量：飛機(jī)機(jī)頭的容積容量、T/R組件封裝技術(shù)的成熟度，以及雷達(dá)的熱管理系統(tǒng)的工作效率。例如：F15C的機(jī)頭鼻錐可容納具有1500個(gè)T/R組件的APG63V(3)雷達(dá)，而F16C Block 60只能容納具有1000個(gè)T/R組件的APG80雷達(dá)。更加先進(jìn)的封裝技術(shù)可制造體積更小的T/R組件，從而提高了陣面上的T/R組件布局密度。Image 2: US early production quad packed transmit receiver modules. The United States no longer produces quad channel T/R modules and has since produced single T/R module designs. Less advanced AESAs such as the ZhukAE utilize multiT/R channel designs, it is possible China39。美國(guó)不再制造4聯(lián)裝T/R組件，轉(zhuǎn)而制造獨(dú)立封裝的T/R組件。Lastly, thermal management systems are instrumental for the operation of high power AESA radars. Unlike MSA systems, air cooling systems are insufficient to prevent heat related system failures and frequent maintenance issues:最后，熱管理系統(tǒng)在高功耗AESA雷達(dá)中起到關(guān)鍵作用。因此，AESA系統(tǒng)工作期間所產(chǎn)生的大量熱量需要耗散，以避免發(fā)射部分芯片變?yōu)樯榛墶叭蹱t”——高可靠性的砷化鎵微波單片集成電路需配備更佳的散熱器。美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)的聚α烯烴（PAO）冷卻液是一種合成液壓液。這種熱交換機(jī)可以是類(lèi)似汽車(chē)引擎散熱器的風(fēng)冷器，也可以是安放在油箱中的浸入式熱交換器?！盞opp，2014。Chinese defense forums have posted copies of the image above which claim to cite the J20’s AESA T/R module count at 1,856, the J16’s at 1,760, and the J10B at 1,200 T/R modules. It is likely the J10B is the first Chinese fighter aircraft to feature an AESA。J10B飛機(jī)可能是首款使用AESA系統(tǒng)的中國(guó)國(guó)產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)；J10B單位在2014年10月形成初步作戰(zhàn)能力（IOC）。因此，如果有人假設(shè)中國(guó)已經(jīng)在封裝技術(shù)方面已經(jīng)或部分達(dá)到美國(guó)的水平，那么1200個(gè)T/R組件的數(shù)字可信度值得商榷，或至少略微被夸大了。然而，中國(guó)在第一代AESA系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的封裝技術(shù)似乎不可能達(dá)到美國(guó)同期水平。Russia’s first fighter mounted AESA radar, the ZhukAE, contained 652 T/R modules and was unveiled in 2007. The Israeli ELM2052 AESA radar, which has been marketed for both the F16 and the FA50 – a joint Korean Aerospace Industry and Lockheed Martin F16 derivative, has roughly 512 T/R modules (T
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